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Table 2 Gait parameters stratified by history of fall, frailty, multimorbidity, multiple medications and disability status as well as age groups and gender

From: Description of spatio-temporal gait parameters in elderly people and their association with history of falls: results of the population-based cross-sectional KORA-Age study

Characteristics

Velocity (cm/s)

Cadence (steps/min)

Time (s)

Stride duration* (s)

Stride length (cm)

Normed stride length

Step width (cm)

Normed step width

Fall participants (n = 119)

105.5 (24.7)

106.3 (12.2)

4.12 (1.29)

1.14 (0.15)

118.9 (20.4)

1.34 (0.23)

8.79 (3.25)

0.10 (0.04)

Non-fall participants (n = 771)

108.9 (22.9)

105.4 (13.1)

3.89 (1.14)

1.14 (0.16)

124.0 (18.1)

1.40 (0.19)

8.73 (3.22)

0.10 (0.04)

t- and p-value

t(−1.43), p = 0.1550

t(0.77), p = 0.4437

t(1.83), p = 0.0686

t(−0.65), p = 0.5170

t(−2.59), p = 0.0106

t(−2.80), p = 0.0052

t(0.18), p = 0.8541

t(0.21), p = 0.8310

Frail participants (n = 330)

95.5 (21.2)

101.9 (13.2)

4.53 (1.34)

1.19 (0.18)

112.5 (17.5)

1.28 (0.19)

9.58 (3.31)

0.09 (0.03)

Non-frail participants (n = 560)

116.2 (20.7)

107.7 (12.4)

3.56 (0.87)

1.13 (0.15)

129.8 (15.9)

1.46 (0.16)

8.24 (3.06)

0.11 (0.04)

t- and p-value

t(14.16), p = <.0001

t(6.46), p = <.0001

t(−13.09), p = <.0001

t(−6.13), p = <.0001

t(14.74), p = <.0001

t(−6.01), p = <.0001

t(14.83), p = <.0001

t(−6.46), p = <.0001

Multimorbid participants (n = 561)

104.4 (22.5)

104.6 (12.6)

4.09 (1.22)

1.16 (0.16)

119.7 (18.6)

1.46 (0.18)

9.06 (3.22)

0.09 (0.04)

Not multimorbid participants (n = 329)

115.5 (22.6)

107.2 (13.4)

3.62 (0.99)

1.13 (0.17)

129.5 (16.6)

1.35 (0.19)

8.20 (3.15)

0.10 (0.04)

t- and p-value

t(7.12), p = <.0001

t(2.84), p = 0.0046

t(−5.96), p = <.0001

t(−2.30), p = 0.0220

t(7.86), p = <.0001

t(−3.88), p = 0.0001

t(8.24), p = <.0001

t(−4.15), p = <.0001

Disabled participants (n = 174)

91.5 (19.9)

101.3 (11.9)

4.76 (1.39)

1.20 (0.17)

108.6 (18.1)

1.43 (0.18)

9.68 (3.31)

0.10 (0.04)

Non-disabled participants (n = 716)

112.6 (22.0)

106.6 (13.0)

3.71 (1.00)

1.14 (0.16)

126.9 (16.8)

1.33 (0.19)

8.51 (3.16)

0.11 (0.04)

t- and p-value

t(12.31), p = <.0001

t(5.13), p = <.0001

t(−11.45), p = <.0001

t(−4.18), p = <.0001

t(12.17), p = <.0001

t(−4.22), p = <.0001

t(12.19), p = <.0001

t(−4.56), p = <.0001

Participants taking 5 and more drugs (n = 271)

101.3 (23.2)

103.3 (13.9)

4.26 (1.34)

1.18 (0.18)

117.5 (18.7)

1.42 (0.19)

9.38 (3.48)

0.10 (0.03)

Participants taking less than 5 drugs (n = 619)

111.6 (22.5)

106.5 (12.4)

3.77 (1.05)

1.14 (0.15)

125.9 (17.8)

1.32 (0.20)

8.46 (3.06)

0.11 (0.04)

t- and p-value

t(6.19), p = <.0001

t(3.37), p = 0.0008

t(−5.93), p = <.0001

t(−3.12), p = 0.0018

t(6.22), p = <.0001

t(−3.94), p = <.0001

t(6.75), p = <.0001

t(−3.99), p = <.0001

“Young old” (age < 75, n = 410)

117.9 (21.5)

108.4 (11.8)

3.52 (0.91)

1.12 (0.13)

130.5 (16.6)

1.47 (0.18)

8.26 (3.10)

0.09 (0.03)

“Old Old” (age > = 75, n = 480)

100.5 (21.5)

103.0 (13.4)

4.36 (1.25)

1.18 (0.18)

117.2 (17.8)

1.32 (0.18)

9.15 (3.26)

0.10 (0.04)

t- and p-value

t(12.03), p = <.0001

t(6.31), p = <.0001

t(−9.99), p = <.0001

t(−6.28), p = <.0001

t(11.5), p = <.0001

t(−4.17), p = <.0001

t(11.81), p = <.0001

t(−4.54), p = <.0001

Men (n = 461)

110.1 (23.0)

102.6 (11.7)

3.82 (1.13)

1.18 (1.17)

128.7 (19.1)

1.42 (0.20)

9.45 (3.43)

0.10 (0.04)

Women (n = 429)

106.8 (23.2)

108.7 (13.5)

4.02 (1.20)

1.12 (1.10)

117.6 (15.9)

1.36 (0.18)

8.05 (2.94)

0.09 (0.03)

t- and p-value

t(2.12), p = 0.0344

t(−7.14), p = <.0001

t(−2.6), p = 0.0094

t(5.99), p = <.0001

t(9.36), p = <.0001

t(6.54), p = <.0001

t(3.89), p = 0.0001

t(4.44), p = <.0001

  1. *A stride begins with the foot contact and ends with the subsequent foot contact of one foot.
  2. Significant differences are written bold.