Anticholinergic burden quantified by anticholinergic risk scales and adverse outcomes in older people: a systematic review

Table 1 Overview of included anticholinergic rating scales

Expert opinion based rating scales	Description	Number of anticholinergic activity medicines listed (N)
Carnahan USA, 2006 [9]	ADS is a four-point (0-3) scale that ranks anticholinergic drugs based on expert opinion	117
Ancelin France, 2006 [25]	ABC is a four-point scale (0-3) based on SAA and expert opinion	27
Han USA, 2008 [22]	CrAS is a four-point scale (0-3) based on pre-existing published anticholinergic scales and expert opinion	60
Rudolph USA, 2008 [19]	ARS is a four-point scale (0-3) based on extensive literature review and expert opinion	49
Boustani USA, 2008 [24]	ACB is a four-point (0-3) scale developed based on published data and expert opinion	88
Ehrt Norway, 2010 [26]	AAS is a five-point scale (0-4) based on existing evidence (Chew 2008 [38]) and expert opinion	99
Sittironnarit Australia, 2011 [23]	ACL is a four-point (0-3) scale based on pre-existing published anticholinergic scales and expert opinion	49

ADS = Anticholinergic Drug Scale; ABC = Anticholinergic Burden Classification; CrAS = Clinician-rated Anticholinergic Score; ARS = Anticholinergic Risk Scale; ACB = Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale; AAS = Anticholinergic Activity Scale; ACL = Anticholinergic Loading Scale; SAA = Serum Anticholinergic Activity.
Points in rating scale represents, 0 = no anticholinergic activity, 1 = mild anticholinergic activity, 2 = moderate anticholinergic activity, and 3 = severe anticholinergic activity.