Table 1 Characteristics of German Health and Examination Survey 2008–2011 (DEGS1) participants aged 65–79 years included in this study
Men (n = 919) | Women (n = 924) | Total (n = 1843) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age groups in years (%, CI) | |||
65-69 | 36.3 (32.6-40.1) | 33.6 (30.2-37.3) | 34.8 (32.4-37.4) |
70-74 | 43.2 (39.2-47.2) | 42.9 (39.0-46.9) | 43.0 (40.1-46.0) |
75-79 | 20.6 (17.5-24.0) | 23.4 (20.0-27.2) | 22.1 (19.6-24.9) |
Socioeconomic status (SES) (%, CI) | |||
low | 21.7 (17.9-26.2) | 29.1 (24.7-33.9) | 25.7 (22.3-29.4) |
medium | 57.3 (52.8-61.7) | 61.7 (57.2-66.0) | 59.7 (56.1-63.1) |
high | 21.0 (17.7-24.7) | 9.2 (7.2-11.6) | 14.6 (12.6-17.0) |
Living alone (%, CI) | 9.6 (7.3-12.6) | 34.0 (29.8-38.4) | 22.8 (20.1-25.7) |
Poor social support (%, CI) | 16.8 (13.3-21.0) | 16.2 (13.1-19.9) | 16.5 (14.1-19.2) |
Self-reported lack of help (%, CI) | 2.0 (1.3-3.1) | 8.2 (6.2-10.8) | 5.3 (4.2-6.8) |
Current depressive symptoms (%, CI) | 4.2 (2.8-6.2) | 7.3 (5.2-10.2) | 5.9 (4.5-7.6) |
Digit Symbol Substitution Test (mean score; CI) | 42.6 (41.3-43.9) | 45.0 (43.6-46.5) | 43.9 (42.9-44.9) |
Self-rated health (fair/poor) (%, CI) | 27.4 (23.4-31.8) | 28.9 (25.1-33.2) | 28.2 (25.4-31.3) |
Chronic diseases (%, CI) | |||
coronary heart disease | 27.6 (23.7-31.8) | 14.5 (11.9-17.6) | 20.6 (18.2-23.2) |
stroke | 7.2 (5.1-10.0) | 6.0 (4.2-8.4) | 6.5 (5.1-8.4) |
heart failure | 13.2 (10.2-16.9) | 12.3 (9.5-15.9) | 12.7 (10.5-15.4) |
hypertension | 70.3 (65.9-74.4) | 71.6 (68.1-74.9) | 71.0 (68.2-73.7) |
diabetes | 21.0 (17.5-25.0) | 18.6 (15.4-22.2) | 19.7 (17.3-22.3) |
chronic renal disease | 3.2 (2.2-4.8) | 5.0 (3.3-7.5) | 4.2 (3.0-5.7) |
cancer | 15.8 (13.2-18.9) | 14.6 (11.9-17.8) | 15.2 (13.2-17.4) |
osteoarthritis | 32.1 (28.3-36.2) | 51.6 (47.7-55.4) | 42.6 (39.9-45.3) |
rheumatoid arthritis | 5.0 (3.0-8.2) | 4.3 (3.0-6.0) | 4.6 (3.4-6.1) |
osteoporosis | 3.5 (2.4-5.3) | 23.2 (19.4-27.5) | 14.1 (12.0-16.5) |
Mean number of chronic diseases (CI) | 2.0 (1.8-2.1) | 2.2 (2.1-2.3) | (2.1 2.0-2.2) |
Number of chronic diseases (%, CI) | |||
none | 12.5 (9.7-15.9) | 6.8 (5.1-8.9) | 9.4 (7.7-11.4) |
1 | 28.0 (24.4-31.9) | 27.1 (23.4-31.2) | 27.5 (24.9-30.2) |
2 | 29.8 (25.9-34.0) | 30.6 (26.8-34.8) | 30.2 (27.5-33.1) |
3 or more | 29.7 (25.7-34.0) | 35.5 (31.5-39.7) | 32.8 (29.8-36.1) |
Polypharmacy (≥5 prescribed medicines) (%) | 42.1 (37.8-46.5) | 50.5 (46.6-54.3) | 46.6 (43.7-49.5) |
Falls (≥2) in past 12 months (%, CI) | 6.1 (4.3-8.5) | 10.5 (8.2-13.4) | 8.5 (6.9-10.3) |
Poor hearing (%, CI) | 1.2 (0.6-2.2) | 6.1 (4.2-8.7) | 3.8 (2.8-5.3) |
Poor vision (%, CI) | 7.4 (5.5-9.8) | 5.6 (4.0-7.8) | 6.4 (5.0-8.1) |
Health risk behaviours (%, CI) | |||
body mass index (BMI), kg/m2 | |||
underweight (BMI < 18.5) | 0.1 (0.0-0.4) | 1.3 (0.4-4.3) | 0.7 (0.2-2.3) |
normal (BMI 18.5 < 25) | 17.0 (14.2-20.2) | 22.2 (19.2-25.4) | 19.7 (17.7-21.9) |
overweight (BMI 25 to <30) | 51.4 (46.9-55.8) | 37.7 (33.9-41.8) | 44.1 (41.2-46.9) |
obese (BMI ≥ 30) | 31.6 (27.2-36.4) | 38.9 (35.0-42.9) | 35.5 (32.4-38.7) |
currently smoking | 10.9 (8.6-13.7) | 8.6 (6.5-11.3) | 9.7 (8.1-11.4) |
current alcohol consumption | 91.4 (88.6-93.6) | 77.5 (73.2-81.3) | 84.0 (81.2-86.5) |