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Table 3 Comparison of DWELL and GAZE DURATION in addition to effects of age, light and interaction of age x light while driving on a narrow lane

From: Age-dependent visual exploration during simulated day- and night driving on a motorway: a cross-sectional study

  

DWELL[%](SD)

DURATION[s](SD)

  

Young

Old

Age

Light

Age x light

Young

Old

Age

Light

Age x light

Street

Day

48.4 (11.0)

54.4 (11.9)

F(1,43) = 1.3 p = 0.259 η2 = 0.030

F(1,43) = 3.5 p = 0.067 η2 = 0.076

F(1,43) = 1.5 p = 0.230 η2 = 0.033

1.1 (0.4)

1.4 (0.4)

F(1,43) = 3.0 p = 0.089 η2 = 0.066

F(1,43) = 2.5 p = 0.124 η2 = 0.054

F(1,43) = 1.3 p = 0.262 η2 = 0.029

Night

47.2 (12.6)

48.7 (14.5)

1.3 (0.4)

1.4 (0.6)

Road signs

Day

6.8 (4.0)

4.9 (3.7)

F(1,43) = 3.4 p = 0.069 η2 = 0.075

F(1,43) = 0.1 p = 0.806 η2 = 0.001

F(1,43) = 0.1 p = 0.819 η2 = 0.001

1.4 (0.6)

0.8 (0.5)

F(1,40) = 3.0 p = 0.092 η2 = 0.070

F(1,40) = 0.2 p = 0.678 η2 = 0.004

F(1,40) = 2.8 p = 0.100 η2 = 0.066

Night

6.4 (4.8)

4.9 (4.4)

1.2 (0.7)

1.1 (0.9)

Road repair

Day

22.2 (6.7)

21.1 (9.0)

F(1,43) = 0.7 p = 0.409 η2 = 0.016

F(1,43) = 14.7 p < 0.001 η2 = 0.255

F(1,43) = 2.8 p = 0.099 η2 = 0.062

0.8 (0.2)

0.9 (0.2)

F(1,43) = 1.8 p = 0.192 η2 = 0.029

F(1,43) = 7.8 p = 0.008 η2 = 0.606

F(1,43) = 0.3 p = 0.606 η2 = 0.006

Night

26.1 (10.4)

31.2 (13.6)

1.0 (0.2)

1.1 (0.7)

Environment

Day

1.1 (2.4)

0.4 (0.7)

F(1,43) = 0.1 p = 0.828 η2 = 0.001

F(1,43) = 0.0 p = 0.860 η2 = 0.001

F(1,43) = 1.8 p = 0.191 η2 = 0.039

0.3 (0.3)

0.2 (0.3)

F(1,41) = 0.0 p = 0.932 η2 = 0.000

F(1,41) = 3.2 p = 0.080 η2 = 0.069

F(1,41) = 1.3 p = 0.267 η2 = 0.029

Night

0.4 (1.1)

1.4 (5.4)

0.1 (0.2)

0.2 (0.4)

Rear -view mirror

Day

3.6 (2.8)

1.4 (2.0)

F(1,43) = 13.4 p = 0.001 η2 = 0.237

F(1,43) = 3.4 p = 0.074 η2 = 0.072

F(1,43) = 0.8 p = 0.387 η2 = 0.017

0.7 (0.3)

0.4 (0.4)

F(1,43) = 7.3 p = 0.010 η2 = 0.145

F(1,43) = 2.6 p = 0.116 η2 = 0.056

F(1,43) = 1.5 p = 0.224 η2 = 0.034

Night

2.5 (2.0)

1.0 (1.8)

0.5 (0.2)

0.4 (0.4)

Side mirror left

Day

2.0 (1.8)

1.3 (1.5)

F(1,43) = 3.4 p = 0.071 η2 = 0.074

F(1,43) = 10.3 p = 0.003 η2 = 0.193

F(1,43) = 0.1 p = 0.721 η2 = 0.003

0.5 (0.3)

0.5 (0.5)

F(1,43) = 0.6 p = 0.460 η2 = 0.013

F(1,43) = 0.8 p = 0.371 η2 = 0.019

F(1,43) = 5.1 p = 0.029 η2 = 0.106

Night

1.3 (1.2)

0.7 (1.0)

0.4 (0.3)

0.3 (0.4)

Side mirror right

Day

0.3 (0.6)

0.3 (0.6)

F(1,43) = 1.7 p = 0.201 η2 = 0.038

F(1,43) = 0.7 p = 0.403 η2 = 0.016

F(1,43) = 2.6 p = 0.114 η2 = 0.057

0.2 (0.3)

0.2 (0.4)

F(1,43) = 1.1 p = 0.304 η2 = 0.025

F(1,43) = 1.7 p = 0.206 η2 = 0.037

F(1,43) = 2.4 p = 0.145 η2 = 0.049

Night

0.4 (0.7)

0.0 (0.1)

0.2 (0.3)

0.0 (0.1)

  1. DWELL = cumulated fixation duration/total driving task duration; GAZE DURATION = average fixation time; η2 refers to partial η2.