Table 1 Demographics and Clinical parameters of the subjects

Age in years [mean ± SD]

31.5 ± 4.2

70.3 ± 3.8

t(54) = −35.951, p < 0.001

MoCA score [mean ± SD]

29.2 ± 1.0

28.5 ± 1.4

U = 286.0, p = 0.069

Trail making test A (sec) [mean ± SD]

21.7 ± 5.6

36.9 ± 12.7

U = 73.5, p < 0.001

Trail making test B (sec) [mean ± SD]

45.3 ± 13.6

84.4 ± 31.4

t(54) = −5.962, p < 0.001

Clock drawing test [mean ± SD]

6.9 ± 0.4

6.6 ± 0.9

ns

Timed up & Go (sec) [mean ± SD]

7.4 ± 0.8

7.8 ± 0.8

t(54) = −2.048, p = 0.045

Years of driving experience [mean ± SD]

12.0 ± 4.6

46.8 ± 7.1

t(54) = −21.935, p < 0.001

Weekly mileage [mean ± SD] [range]

247.5 ± 282.3 [4 - 1186]

128.4 ± 112.1 [8 – 466]

ns

Best far visual acuity [mean ± SD]

1.16 ± 0.13

0.93 ± 0.25

U = 187.5, p < 0.001

Contrast sensitivity (binocular) [mean ± SD]

1.95 ± 0.00

1.91 ± 0.11

U = 333.5, p = 0.033

Mesopic visual acuity [number (%)]

Χ²(4) = 7.996, p = 0.092

Contrast 1:2

28 (96.6)

19 (70.4)

Contrast 1:2.7

0 (0)

3 (11.1)

Contrast 1:5

1 (3.4)

2 (7.4)

Contrast 1:23

0 (0)

1 (3.7)

Nothing seen

0 (0)

2 (7.4)

Glare sensitivity [number (%)]

Χ²(4) = 24.059, p < 0.001

Contrast 1:2

29 (100)

11 (40.7)

Contrast 1:2.7

0 (0)

5 (18.5)

Contrast 1:5

0 (0)

4 (14.8)

Contrast 1:23

0 (0)

1 (3.7)

Nothing seen

0 (0)

6 (22.2)