Table 2 Prevalence, incidence, fall free survival and risk estimates of prospectively reported falls during follow-up year
Study participant characteristics | Prevalence: How common is falling or repeated falling >90 years? | Incidence: How frequently do >90-year-olds fall? | Fall free survival: How long till a fall? | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | n | Reported ≥ 1 fall in follow/up n (%) | Relative Risk – unadjusted RR (95% C.I.) | Reported ≥ 2 falls in follow/up n (%) | Relative Risk – unadjusted RR (95% C.I.) | N° of f/up falls | P-yrs of f/up | F/up falls /p-yr | Incidence Rate Ratio – unadjusted IRR (95% C.I.) | Time to 1st fall Mean (SD) | Hazard Ratio -unadjusted HR (95% C.I.) |
AGE | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Each additional year > 91 years |  | - | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | - | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | - | - | - | 1.04 (1.0–1.2) |  | - |
AGE-BAND | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
91–94 years old | 74 | 43 (58) | 1.0 | 31 (42) | 1.0 | 174 | 68.2 | 2.6 | 1.0 | 130(89) | 1.0 |
≥ 95 years old | 36 | 23 (64) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 18 (50) | 1.2 (0.7–1.7) | 91 | 27.5 | 3.3 | 1.5 (0.7–3.1) | 75(66) | 1.6 (0.9–2.6) |
GENDER | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Men | 20 | 10 (50) | 1.0 | 7 (35) | 1.0 | 54 | 17.2 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 108(92) | 1.0 |
Women | 90 | 56 (62) | 1.3 (0.8–1.6) | 42 (47) | 1.3 (0.7–2.0) | 211 | 78.5 | 2.7 | 0.8 (0.3–2.3) | 111(85) | 1.3 (0.7–2.6) |
PLACE OF RESIDENCE | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Living in the community (house, flat or granny flat) | 62 | 35 (57) | 1.0 | 25 (40) | 1.0 | 138 | 56.1 | 2.5 | 1.0 | 116(96) | 1.0 |
Living in any supported setting (Sheltered housing or institution) | 48 | 31 (65) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 24 (50) | 1.3 (0.8–1.7) | 127 | 39.7 | 3.2 | 1.4 (0.8–2.4) | 104(73) | 1.3 (0.8–2.1) |
EDUCATION | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Left school aged 14 yrs or less | 67 | 38 (57) | 1.0 | 26 (39) | 1.0 | 118 | 57.1 | 2.1 | 1.0 | 126(95) | 1.0 |
Full-time education aged 15+ yrs | 43 | 28 (65) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 23 (54) | 1.4 (0.9–1.8) | 147 | 38.6 | 3.8 | 1.8 (0.9–3.7) | 89(66) | 1.4 (0.8–2.2) |
SOCIAL CLASS | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Manual | 55 | 34 (62) | 1.0 | 21 (38) | 1.0 | 95 | 46.5 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 120(86) | 1.0 |
Non-manual | 51 | 30 (59) | 1.0 (0.6–1.2) | 27 (53) | 1.4 (0.9–1.9) | 163 | 46.2 | 3.5 | 1.9 (1.0–3.6) | 103(87) | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) |
FALL HISTORY | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Not fallen in year before interview | 46 | 23 (50) | 1.0 | 14 (30) | 1.0 | 47 | 40.8 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 132(92) | 1.0 |
Fallen at least once in past year | 63 | 42 (67) | 1.3 (0.9–1.6) | 34 (54) | 1.8 (1.1–2.4) | 216 | 54.6 | 4.0 | 3.6 (2.0–6.3) | 101(81) | 1.7 (1.0–2.8) |
Fallen only once or not past year | 72 | 32 (44) | 1.0 | 21 (29) | 1.0 | 80 | 62.4 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 137(89) | 1.0 |
Fallen > once in past year | 37 | 33 (89) | 2.0 (1.6–2.2) | 27 (73) | 2.5 (1.8–3.0) | 183 | 33.0 | 5.6 | 4.7 (2.6–8.7) | 88(75) | 3.5 (2.1–5.7) |
TOTAL SAMPLE | 110 | 66 (60) | Â | 49 (45) | Â | 265 | 95.7 | 2.8 | Â | 111(85) | Â |