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Table 3 Mortality Hazard Rate Ratios for social relationships, adjusted for health and disability in women

From: The effect of social relationships on survival in elderly residents of a Southern European community: a cohort study

WOMEN (n = 573; deceased = 138)a

Network model

Psychosocial mechanisms model

Complete model

Age

1.12 (1.09–1.15)

1.11 (1.08–1.15)

1.10 (1.07–1.14)

Education:

   

   Primary completed

1

1

1

   Primary not completed

1.23 (0.72–2.11)

1.22 (0.71–2.10)

1.12 (0.64–1.95)

Family ties index:

   

   < 3

1

1

1

   3

0.90 (0.58–1.42)

0.91 (0.58–1.42)

0.87 (0.55–1.37)

Friends contacted:

   

   No

1

1

1

   Yes

0.95 (0.65–1.39)

0.97 (0.66–1.43)

1.06 (0.71–1.57)

Social participation index

0.78 (0.64–0.96)

0.82 (0.67–1.00)

0.90 (0.73–1.12)

Confidant:

   

   No/does not know

 

1

1

   Yes

 

0.80 (0.56–1.14)

0.79 (0.55–1.13)

Received emotional support

 

1.12 (0.79–1.59)

1.20 (0.84–1.71)

Role in significant others' lives

 

0.78 (0.60–1.01)

0.87 (0.66–1.14)

Physical activity:

   

   Moderate/vigorous

  

1

   Light

  

1.21 (0.79–1.86)

Co-morbidity

  

1.00 (0.90–1.12)

Square root of depressive symptoms

  

1.09 (0.95–1.24)

Cognitive score

  

1.10 (0.90–1.35)

Self-perceived health:

   

   Very good/good

  

1

   Average/poor/very poor

  

1.20 (0.74–1.95)

Disability:

   

   Independent

  

1

   Not independent for IADLs

  

1.18 (0.65–2.13)

   Not independent for ADLs

  

1.55 (0.82–2.93)

  1. aNon-weighted results. Bold: indicates results significant at a 95% level. ADLs: Activities of daily living. IADLs: Instrumental activities of daily living.