Table 4 Factors associated with physical aggressive behaviours.
Characteristic | Aggressive physical behaviours | Bivariate analyses | Regression analyses | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes n: 494 (21.2%) | No n: 1816 (77.8%) | Crude odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | |
Individual factors | ||||
Age (years) | ||||
≥ 85 ‡ | 228 (46.2%) | 829 (45.6%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
75 to 84 | 203 (41.1%) | 679 (37.4%) | 1.09 (0.88–1.35) | 1.06 (0.83–1.34) |
65 to 74 | 63 (12.8%) | 308 (16.9%) | 0.74 (0.55–1.01) | 0.69* (0.49–0.98) |
Gender | ||||
Female ‡ | 339 (68.6%) | 1406 (77.4%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Male | 155 (31.4%) | 410 (22.6%) | 1.57* (1.26–1.95) | 2.04* (1.59–2.62) |
Length of stay in LTCC (years) | ||||
0 to 2 ‡ | 225 (45.6%) | 851 (46.9%) | 1.00 | |
3 to 4 | 101 (20.5%) | 327 (18.0%) | 1.17 (0.89–1.53) | |
≥ 5 | 168 (34.0%) | 638 (35.1%) | 0.99 (0.80–1.25) | |
Functional autonomy | ||||
Autonomous / semi-autonomous‡ | 187 (37.8%) | 1012 (55.7%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Dependent | 307 (62.12%) | 803 (44.3%) | 2.07* (1.69–2.54) | 0.79 (0.60–1.05) |
Cognitive status | ||||
No impairment ‡ | 23 (4.7%) | 446 (24.6%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Mild-moderate impairment | 119 (24.1%) | 722 (39.9%) | 3.20* (2.02–5.08) | 2.59* (1.61–4.17) |
Severe impairment | 352 (71.3%) | 647 (35.7%) | 10.57* (6.82–16.39) | 8.26* (5.13–13.30) |
Withdrawal behaviour | ||||
No ‡ | 150 (30.4%) | 1060 (58.4%) | 1.00 | |
Yes | 344 (69.9%) | 755 (41.6%) | 3.22* (2.60–3.99) | |
Sleep disturbance | ||||
No ‡ | 446 (90.3%) | 1721 (94.8%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 48 (9.7%) | 94 (5.2%) | 1.97* (1.37–2.83) | 2.03* (1.35–3.04) |
Psychological distress | ||||
No ‡ | 367 (74.3%) | 1452 (79.9%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 127 (25.7%) | 364 (20.0%) | 1.38* (1.09–1.74) | 1.31* (1.02–1.69) |
Environmental factors | ||||
Use of benzodiazepine drugs | ||||
No ‡ | 286 (57.9%) | 1046 (57.6%) | 1.00 | |
Yes | 208 (42.1%) | 770 (42.4%) | 0.99 (0.81–1.21) | |
Use of neuroleptic drugs | ||||
No ‡ | 285 (57.7%) | 1379 (75.9%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 209 (42.3%) | 437 (24.1%) | 2.32* (1.88–2.85) | 1.74* (1.38–2.19) |
Social visitation. | ||||
0 to 3 hours ‡ | 198 (40.2%) | 572 (31.6%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
4 to 15 hours | 159 (32.3%) | 574 (31.7%) | 0.81 (0.64–1.03) | 0.94 (0.68–1.29) |
≥ 16 hours | 136 (27.6%) | 662 (36.6%) | 0.60* (0.47–0.77) | 0.90 (0.64–1.26) |
Use of physical restraints | ||||
No ‡ | 241 (48.8%) | 1318 (72.6%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 253 (51.2%) | 498 (27.4%) | 2.78* (2.27–3.41) | 1.79 (1.37–2.33) |