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Table 3 Predictors 1 of new or increased symptoms commencing at any time during the preceding month and still present when sampling urine

From: Interleukin-6 concentrations in the urine and dipstick analyses were related to bacteriuria but not symptoms in the elderly: a cross sectional study of 421 nursing home residents

 

Bacteriuria2

IL-63

Antibiotics4

Dementia

R square1

Fatigue5

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Restlessness5

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Confusion

0.15 (0.033-0.68) p = 0.014

4.6 (1.7-12) p = 0.0021

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0.11

Aggressiveness

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2.9 (1.0-8.0) p = 0.043

0.035

Loss of appetite

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4.9 (1.9-13) p = 0.0014

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0.065

Frequent falls

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2.9 (1.0-8.4) p = 0.051

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0.025

Not being herself/himself

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Any of the above symptoms

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2.2 (1.1-4.4) p = 0.019

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0.020

Dysuria

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78 (9.5-643) p = 0.000050

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0.38

Urinary urgency

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9.4 (3.1-28) p = 0.000069

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0.13

Urinary frequency

<10-6 (0-∞) p = 1.0

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4.0 (0.97-16) p = 0.055

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0.13

  1. 1Predictors in patients where a urine sample could be obtained and with information for all variables (n = 397). Forward stepwise (conditional) logistic regressions where probability for entry was 0.050 and for removal 0.10 was used. Variables that served well for the overall prediction were also kept in the model. Outcome presented as odds ratios (95% CI with p-value) for variables included in the model. Urine dipstick (nitrite positive or leukocyte esterase being 3+ or 4+), age, gender or presence of diabetes mellitus did not reach the final model for any symptom. Nagelkerke’s R-square as a measure of the model’s ability to predict presence of a symptom.
  2. 2With (=1) or without (=0) bacteriuria. The latter was the reference.
  3. 3Interleukin-6 elevated (≥5 ng/L) or not. The latter was the reference.
  4. 4Ongoing antibiotic treatment (n = 16) or having had antibiotics during the last month (n = 28).
  5. 5None of the independent variables could predict either fatigue or restlessness.