Improvements in gait characteristics after intensive resistance and functional training in people with dementia: a randomised controlled trial

Table 2 Effect of the intervention on spatio-temporal gait variables

Gait variables	Baseline IG: n = 20 CG: n = 29	Follow-up IG: n = 20 CG: n = 29	Mean treatment difference (95% CI)^a	P-value^bEffect size^c	% change from baseline^d
Speed, cm/sec
IG	132.67 ± 55.67	149.32 ± 48.21	18.32	<0.001	IG: 12.5
CG	128.66 ± 38.20	127.64 ± 35.65	(9.85 to 26.80)	1.27	CG: -0.8
Cadence, steps/min
IG	137.14 ± 21.13	145.39 ± 20.82	11.16	0.002	IG: 6.0
CG	134.47 ± 17.85	131.98 ± 19.17	(4.37 to 17.94)	0.96	CG: -1.9
Stride length, cm
IG	116.58 ± 42.55	124.82 ± 37.44	7.88	0.008	IG: 7.1
CG	115.31 ± 29.47	115.89 ± 25.66	(2.14 to 13.61)	0.80	CG: 0.5
Stride time, sec
IG	0.90 ± 0.15	0.84 ± 0.13	-0.08	0.001	IG: 6.7
CG	0.91 ± 0.11	0.92 ± 0.12	(-0.12 to -0.03)	0.99	CG: -1.1
Double support,% of stride time
IG	26.92 ± 8.93	23.04 ± 7.78	-2.89	0.001	IG: 14.4
CG	25.85 ± 6.06	25.39 ± 5.99	(-4.53 to -1.25)	1.03	CG: 1.8
Step width, cm
IG	11.34 ± 4.18	11.08 ± 4.95	0.001	0.999	IG: 2.3
CG	10.18 ± 4.23	9.94 ± 4.42	(-1.24 to 1.24)	0.00	CG: 2.4
Step time variability, CV
IG	5.24 ± 3.41	5.08 ± 2.05	-0.47	0.425	IG: 3.1
CG	5.03 ± 2.48	5.40 ± 2.56	(-1.65 to 0.71)	0.22	CG: -7.4
Walk-Ratio^e
IG	0.43 ± 0.16	0.44 ± 0.15	-0.01	0.554	IG: 2.3
CG	0.43 ± 0.12	0.44 ± 0.11	(-.04 to 0.02)	0.18	CG: 2.3

Data presented as mean ± standard deviation. IG, intervention group; CG, control group; CI, confidence interval; CV, coefficient of variation; ^aadjusted for baseline value using ANCOVA (Baseline values total sample, n = 49: speed 130.30 ± 45.63; cadence 135.56 ± 19.09; stride length 115.82 ± 34.98; stride time 0.90 ± 0.13; double support 26.29 ± 7.30; step time variability 5.12 ± 2.88; step width 10.66 ± 4.21; walk-ratio 0.43 ± 0.14); ^bP-values from ANCOVA comparing the effect of the intervention on gait parameters at follow-up adjusting for baseline values; ^cadjusted mean treatment difference/pooled standard deviation; ^dpositive scores indicate improvement; ^estep length/cadence ratio.

ISSN: 1471-2318