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Table 2 Bivariate and multivariate analyses of disability and making ends meet

From: Perceived economic situation, but not education level, is associated with disability prevalence in the Spanish elderly: observational study

Some difficulty in ADLs

Bivariate models

Models adjusted for age and gender

Multivariable model

Multivariable model adjusted for disposition

Multivariable model adjusted for disposition, smoking and drinking

 

OR

CI 95%

p

OR

CI 95%

p

OR

CI 95%

p

OR

CI 95%

<0.001

OR

CI 95%

<0.001

For each additional year of age

1.10

(1.06-1.14)

<0.001

   

1.10

(1.05-1.14)

<0.001

1.10

(1.05-1.15)

<0.001

1.10

(1.05-1.15)

<0.001

Women (ref. men)

2.96

(1.69-5.17)

<0.001

   

2.47

(1.33-4.58)

0.004

2.34

(1.26-4.36)

0.007

2.86

(1.32-6.19)

0.008

Primary school (ref. less than primary)

0.59

(0.32-1.11)

0.011

0.80

(0.40-1.59)

0.217

0.88

(0.43-1.79)

0.521

0.84

(0.41-1.72)

0.520

0.92

(0.46-1.84)

0.767

Secondary school (ref. less than primary)

0.46

(0.19-1.09)

0.69

(0.29-1.65)

0.90

(0.37-2.17)

0.87

(0.35-2.14)

0.99

(0.37-2.64)

University (ref. less than primary)

0.22

(0.09-0.56)

0.35

(0.13-0.93)

0.48

(0.18-1.29)

0.49

(0.19-1.27)

0.61

(0.23-1.63)

Make ends meet only slightly (ref. easily)

2.20

(1.10-4.42)

<0.001

1.79

(0.86-3.72)

0.001

1.68

(0.81-3.46)

0.003

1.49

(0.72-3.10)

0.013

1.57

(0.74-3.31)

0.010

Make ends meet with difficulty (ref. easily)

4.44

(2.24-8.83)

3.90

(1.87-8.12)

3.45

(1.68-7.08)

3.02

(1.41-6.48)

3.20

(1.46-7.03)

Bad psychological disposition (ref. good)

2.60

(1.54-4.49)

<0.001

      

2.22

(1.21-4.09)

0.011

2.42

(1.27-4.62)

0.008

Former smokers (ref. never smokers)

0.60

(0.32-1.13)

0.051

         

1.40

(0.59-3.31)

0.246

Current smokers (ref. never smokers)

0.23

(0.05-0.97)

         

0.43

(0.10-1.79)

Drinkers above risk levels (ref. below)

0.91

(0.28-2.91)

<0.001

         

1.90

(0.59-3.31)

<0.001

Former drinkers (ref. below risk levels)

4.18

(2.18-7.99)

         

4.63

(2.16-9.92)

Model p value

     

<0.001

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

Hosmer & Lemeshow p value

        

0.598

  

0.112

  

0.348

  1. n = 697. CI: Confidence interval. ADL: Activities of daily living. Ref: Reference category.