Table 2 Categories of difficulty or dependence for individual ADLs (multinomial analysis): unadjusted absolute percent difference and adjusted odds ratio (OR) of the Home Visiting Nurse Intervention Group as compared to the Control Group at 22 Months

Bathing

No difficulty

+9.7**

Reference

Reference

Independent

+3.0

Reference

Reference

Some difficulty

-4.0

0.58** (.37-.90)

0.47*** (.27-.81)

Some human assistance

-0.4

0.86 (.51-1.46)

1.08 (.58-.2.03)

Great difficulty

-5.7*

0.40*** (.20-.81)

0.37** (.16-.85)

Requires another person

-1.3

0.76 (.42-1.37)

1.36 (.62-2.99)

Totally by another person

-2.8

0.49 (.18-1.30)

1.13 (.30-4.28)

Dressing

No difficulty

+5.9

Reference

Reference

Independent

+4.9

Reference

Reference

Some difficulty

-1.1

0.75 (.48-1.17)

0.81 (.48-1.38)

Clothing laid/handed out

-1.4

0.72 (.30-1.74)

1.04 (.37-2.94)

Great difficulty

-4.8*

0.39*** (.18-.82)

0.67 (.26-1.75)

Some human assistance

-0.2

0.82 (.48-1.39)

1.03 (.48-2.21)

Entirely dependent

-3.3

0.68 (.29-1.62)

1.14 (.36-3.62)

Eating

No difficulty

+2.0

Reference

Reference

Independent

+1.6

Reference

Reference

Some difficulty

-0.3

0.84 (.50-1.43)

0.98 (.55-1.73)

Intermittent assistance

-1.7

0.90 (.50-1.61)

1.23 (.63-2.40)

Great difficulty

-1.8

0.36 (.10-1.26)

1.10 (.08-14.69)

Assisted throughout meal

-1.6

0.62 (.18-2.13)

1.40 (.30-6.48)

Supplemented by tube

+0.4

2.14* (.96-4.78)

Fed entirely by tube/other

+1.3

2.39 (.72-7.89)

79.0*** (22.1-282.5)

Toileting

No difficulty

+7.4*

Reference

Reference

Independent

+6.6**

Reference

Reference

Some difficulty

-6.8

0.70 (.44-1.12)

0.73 (.42-1.29)

Some human assistance

-4.2

0.51** (.26-1.01)

0.46 (.15-1.43)

Great difficulty

-0.6

0.76 (.27-2.09)

1.14 (.32-3.99)

Uses bedside commode

+0.3

1.42 (.52-3.86)

0.32 (.07-1.52)

Uses bedpan or urinal

-0.3

0.34 (.03-3.90)

>10.00*** (7.28-1.2 to 12th power)

Totally dependent

-2.4

0.63 (.19-2.09)

<0.01*** (5.0 to -9th power -.03)

Transferring

No difficulty

-0.2

Reference

Reference

Independent

+6.3

Reference

Reference

Some difficulty

+1.8

1.14 (.72-1.79)

1.30 (.76-2.20)

Minimal assistance/device

-5.7

0.89 (.56-1.39)

0.73 (.40-1.31)

Great difficulty

-1.6

0.82 (.35-1.90)

1.45 (.43-4.88)

Can bear weight when transfer

+0.6

1.03 (.42-2.54)

1.86 (.52-6.64)

Unable to bear weight

+0.4

0.92 (.04-23.0)

Bedfast – able to turn

-0.4

0.08*** (.03-.22)

Bedfast – unable to turn

-1.2*

<0.01*** (<.01- < .01)

Unable to bear weight/bedfast

0.98 (.30-3.18)

Walking

No difficulty

+4.6

Reference

Reference

Independent

+6.0

Reference

Reference

Some difficulty

-2.9

0.90 (.53-1.54)

0.79 (.42-1.47)

Some human assistance

-3.3

Great difficulty

-1.7

0.76 (.34-1.69)

0.68 (.25-1.84)

Device/human assistance

0.78 (.47-1.30)

0.71 (.41-1.23)

Walk only with assistance

-1.2

0.44 (.13-1.56)

0.56 (.14-2.16)

Wheels self independently

+1.6

Chairfast – wheels self

0.83 (.32-2.12)

1.86 (.48-7.19)

Chairfast

-1.6

Chairfast – cannot wheel self

0.24* (.06-1.08)

Chairfast – cannot wheel self – or bedfast

0.37 (.10-1.42)

Bedfast

-1.5*

<0.01*** (<.01- < .01)