The treatment of hypertension in people with dementia: a systematic review of observational studies

BMC Geriatrics

Table 1 Risk of bias

Source	Selection bias				Performance bias	Attrition bias	Detection bias			Publication bias	Included in synthesis?
Source	Inclusion/exclusion criteria applied uniformly?	Confounding accounted for?	Concurrent intervention accounted for?	Missing data handling?	Outcome assessors blinded?	Diagnosis defined with valid and reliable measures?	Outcomes defined with valid and reliable measures?	Confounding variables assessed?	Outcomes pre-specified?	Suspicion of publication bias?	Included in synthesis?
Amoo et al. [25]	Yes	Yes	N/A	N/A	N/A	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Andersen et al. [26]	Yes	Yes	N/A	N/A	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Davies et al. [17]	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Duron et al. [20]	Yes	Yes	N/A	N/A	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Hanon et al. [19]	Yes	Yes	N/A	N/A	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Imfeld et al. [18]	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Löppönen et al. [23]	Yes	Yes	N/A	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Műther et al. [24]	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes – Missing data for PWD	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Poon et al. [15]	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes – excluded	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Richards et al. [16]	Yes	Yes	N/A	N/A	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Rockwood et al. [22]	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes*	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Vale et al. [21]	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes 58.8% enrolled	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Zhu et al. [27]	Yes	Yes	N/A	N/A	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes

*11.4% not contactable, 27.9% refused (community) 3.2% not contactable, 18.3% refused (institutions).

ISSN: 1471-2318