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Table 1 The functional ability index with marker questions

From: Long-term prediction of changes in health status, frailty, nursing care and mortality in community-dwelling senior citizens - results from the longitudinal urban cohort ageing study (LUCAS)

Frailty risks*/robustness resources†

Marker questions describing (non) frailty Evaluated in Wave 1 (2001/2002)

Answers‡

Risk_1

Have you lost 5 kg (a stone) or more over the past 6 months without trying to do so?

No (0)

Yes (1)

Risk_2

In the past 12 months, have you changed the way to walk 1 kilometer?

No (0)

Yes (1)

Risk_3

In the past 12 months, have you changed the way to climb 10 steps?

No (0)

Yes (1)

Risk_4

In the past 12 months, have you changed the way to get into or out of a car or bus?

No (0)

Yes (1)

Risk_5

Over the past 7 days, how often did you take a walk outside your home or garden for any reason?

Never or 1–2 days per week (1)

3–4 days or 5–7 days per week (0)

Risk_6

During the 12 past months, have you ever fallen to the ground or floor?

No (0)

Yes (1)

Resource_1

Please indicate if you are able to do each of the following activities. If you do not do them, answer as if you tried to do them yourself. Walk 500 meters?

Yes (1)

Yes, with difficulty or with a device or with help from someone or no (0)

Resource_2

Over the past 7 days, how often did you take a walk outside your home or garden for any reason?

Never or 1–2 days per week (0)

3–4 or 5–7 days per week (1)

Resource_3

Over the past 7 days, how often did you engage in moderate sport or recreational activities?§

Never (0)

Yes, 1–2 days or 3–4 or 5–7 days per week (1)

Resource_4

Over the past 7 days, how often did you engage in strenuous sport or recreational activities?§

Never (0)

Yes, 1–2 days or 3–4 or 5–7 days per week (1)

Resource_5

During the past 7 days did you work for pay or as a volunteer?§

No (0)

Yes (1)

Resource_6

Do you limit your activities because you are afraid you will fall?

No (1)

  

Yes (0)

  1. *Frailty Score: Sum over Risk responses 1–6.
  2. †Robustness Score: Sum over Resource responses 1–6.
  3. ‡Bold type: Indicative answers are counting one point.
  4. §The activity questions Resources 3 to 5 were slightly rephrased for wave 2.