| Baseline (n = 160) | Week 4 (n = 158) | Week 4-baseline (n = 158) | Week 16 (n = 150) | Week 16-baseline (n = 150) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Strength measures | |||||
Knee extensor strength, kg | 1.0 (-0.4 to 2.3), 0.151†| 2.1 (0.6 to 3.7), 0.008 †| 1.8 (0.3 to 3.2), 0.020 †| 1.8 (-0.2 to 3.8), 0.070†| 1.4 (-0.5 to 3.3), 0.149†|
Mobility measures | |||||
Walk speed, m/s | 0.04 (-0.04 to 0.1), 0.332 | 0.04 (-0.05 to 0.1), 0.387 | 0.02 (-0.06 to 0.1), 0.634 | 0.06 (-0.7 to 0.2), 0.364 | 0.02 (-0.1 to 0.1), 0.726 |
PPME | -0.2 (-0.9 to 0.5), 0.555 | 0.5 (-0.3 to 1.2), 0.226†| 0.6 (-0.1 to 1.3), 0.100†| 0.4 (-0.6 to 1.4), 0.448†| 0.4 (-0.5 to 1.4), 0.383†|
Barthel index | 3.4 (-2.1 to 8.9), 0.224†| 1.5 (-3.6 to 6.7), 0.562†| 0.4 (-4.4 to 5.2), 0.881†| 2.4 (-3.9 to 8.6), 0.457†| 1.0 (-4.7 to 6.8), 0.720†|
Sit to stand, stand-ups/sec | 0.01 (-0.02 to 0.04), 0.434†| -0.007 (-0.6 to 0.5), 0.797 | -0.01 (-0.06 to 0.04), 0.591 | -0.03 (-0.09 to 0.02), 0.259 | -0.05 (-0.1 to 0.004), 0.071 |
No aids, using walking stick or crutches* | 2.1 (0.6 to 7.2), 0.255†| 2.0 (0.9 to 4.4), 0.109†| 1.8 (0.7 to 4.5), 0.206†| 2.0 (0.8 to 5.2), 0.140†| 1.9 (0.7 to 4.8), 0.205†|
Balance measures | |||||
Maximum balance range, mm | 4.2 (-10.5 to 18.9), 0.572†| 4.6 (-11.9 to 21.1), 0.584†| 2.7 (-12.9 to 18.2), 0.735†| 12.2 (-7.2 to 31.6), 0.217†| 8.9 (-9.7 to 27.5), 0.343†|
Body sway total, mm | 29.5 (-55.9 to 115), 0.496 | 21.5 (-61.1 to 104), 0.608 | 10.0 (-65.1 to 85.0), 0.793 | -6.6 (-86.9 to 73.7), 0.872†| -8.1 (-78.8 to 62.7), 0.822†|
Step test | -0.4 (-1.2 to 0.4), 0.337 | 0.3 (-1.6 to 2.2), 0.733†| 0.5 (-1.4 to 2.4), 0.622†| -0.5 (-2.5 to 1.6), 0.661 | -0.5 (-2.5 to 1.7), 0.675 |
Lateral stability, mm | 4.9 (-3.5 to 13.3), 0.247 | -0.5 (-9.8 to 8.8), 0.916†| -1.9 (-11.0 to 7.1), 0.671†| 4.7 (-3.8 to 13.2), 0.278 | 3.0 (-5.1 to 11.0), 0.462 |
Coordinated stability | -4.8 (-12.0 to 2.5), 0.194†| -10.0 (-17.6 to -2.4), 0.010 †| -6.7 (-12.4 to -1.0), 0.023 †| -10.2 (-18.4 to -1.9), 0.016 †| -6.3 (-13.1 to 0.6), 0.074†|
Choice stepping reaction time, sec | N/A | -600 (-1484 to 285), 0.182†§ | N/A | -400 (-1375 to 574), 0.418†‡ | N/A |