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Table 2 Summary of effect of FRAX and other predictors of fracture risk in long term care patients

From: Fracture risk in long term care: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies

Risk factor

N studies and participants

Association with fractures

Confidence in effect

Predictors in FRAX

Prior fractures

Pooled: 6 studies; 56,781 participants

Moderate increase in risk

Moderate

RR = 1.71, 95%CI = 1.30-2.24

⊕ ⊕ ⊕O

Female gender

Pooled: 3 studies; 44,433 participants

Small increase in risk

Moderate

RR = 1.40, 95%CI = 1.00-1.95

⊕ ⊕ ⊕O

Lower BMI*

Pooled: 2 studies; 1,729 participants

Little to no increase in risk HR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.90-0.98

low

Not pooled: 1 study; 128 participants

⊕ ⊕ OO

Older age

Not pooled: 5 studies; 44,745 participants

Small increase in risk

low

⊕ ⊕ OO

Low BMD

Not pooled: 2 studies; 1,708 participants

Moderate to large increase in risk

low

⊕ ⊕ OO

Glucocorticoid use

Not pooled: 1 study; 1,550 participants

Moderate to large increase in risk

low

⊕ ⊕ OO

Rheumatoid arthritis

Not pooled: 1 study; 30,665 participants

Little to no increase in risk

low

⊕ ⊕ OO

Predictors not in FRAX

Psychotropic medication use

Pooled: 3 studies; 45,962 participants

Uncertain

Very low

Not pooled: 2 studies; 94,859 participants

⊕OOO

Cognitive impairment

Pooled: 2 studies; 14,773 participants

Small increase in risk

Moderate

Not pooled: 1 study; 1,894 participants

RR = 1.53, 95%CI = 1.09-2.14

⊕ ⊕ ⊕O

Mobility

Not pooled: 3 studies; 30,132 participants

Uncertain

Very low

⊕OOO

Falls

Pooled: 4 studies; 44,560 participants

Small to moderate increase in risk

Moderate

  

RR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.04-1.58

⊕ ⊕ ⊕O

  1. *Since both studies included in the meta analysis of BMI reported Hazard Ratios, we did not convert them into relative risks and report pooled results as hazard ratios.