Table 2 Scores of cognitive tests at pre and post program in both intervention and control groups
Intervention group (N = 29) | Control group (N = 29) | ANCOVA1 | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | Pre | Post | F | Pvalue2 | Effect size2,3 | ||||||||||
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||||||||||||
MMSE | Score (0–30) | 27.1 ± 1.7 | 28.0 ± 1.6 | 26.6 ± 2.2 | 27.0 ± 2.2 | 1.17 | 0.284 | 0.021 | ||||||||
MoCA-J | Score (0–30) | 25.2 ± 3.2 | 25.4 ± 3.1 | 24.1 ± 3.7 | 24.6 ± 3.2 | 0.31 | 0.583 | 0.005 | ||||||||
Logical memory I (immediate) | Score (0–50) | 19.2 ± 6.2 | 22.0 ± 7.4 | 16.5 ± 6.7 | 19.3 ± 7.0 | 0.03 | 0.873 | 0.000 | ||||||||
Logical memory II (delayed) | Score (0–50) | 13.1 ± 7.1 | 17.3 ± 8.8 | 10.9 ± 7.9 | 12.3 ± 8.4 | 6.97 | 0.011 | 0.103 | ||||||||
∆ Logical memory4 (delayed / immediate) | Rate of retention (%) | 62.7 ± 27.5 | 74.0 ± 26.0 | 58.8 ± 29.5 | 56.7 ± 28.0 | 4.74 | 0.034 | 0.220 | ||||||||
Trail making test, part A | Seconds to completion | 48.1 ± 16.3 | 43.6 ± 19.2 | 51.5 ± 18.1 | 55.2 ± 27.1 | 2.63 | 0.111 | 0.046 | ||||||||
Trail making test, part B | Seconds to completion | 152.6 ± 111.3 | 140.0 ± 86.8 | 142.1 ± 60.3 | 174.5 ± 132.0 | 2.83 | 0.098 | 0.051 | ||||||||
Kana pick-out test | Score (0–61) | 29.1 ± 10.3 | 32.2 ± 10.2 | 27.1 ± 10.8 | 27.8 ± 11.5 | 2.86 | 0.097 | 0.049 | ||||||||
Letter fluency, "ka" | Number of words | 11.0 ± 3.3 | 12.3 ± 4.0 | 10.5 ± 3.9 | 11.4 ± 3.0 | 0.03 | 0.872 | 0.000 | ||||||||
Category Fluency, “Animal” | Number of words | 16.5 ± 4.7 | 16.6 ± 4.2 | 15.8 ± 4.1 | 14.5 ± 4.3 | 2.19 | 0.144 | 0.035 | ||||||||
WAIS-III | ||||||||||||||||
Digit span forward | Raw score (0–16) | 8.9 ± 2.3 | 8.8 ± 2.2 | 9.0 ± 2.1 | 9.2 ± 1.8 | 0.52 | 0.474 | 0.009 | ||||||||
Digit span backward | Raw score (0–14) | 5.5 ± 1.1 | 5.6 ± 1.7 | 5.5 ± 1.6 | 5.7 ± 2.1 | 0.10 | 0.750 | 0.002 | ||||||||