Psychosocial factors modify the association of frailty with adverse outcomes: a prospective study of hospitalised older people

Table 3 The interaction effects of frailty with psychosocial and demographic factors

	12-Month mortality ( n=40 of 172) HR (95% CI)	Discharge to higher level care ( n=70 of 163) OR (95% CI)	Long GEMU LOS (> 12 days) (n=97 of 172) OR (95% CI)	1-month emergency rehospitalisation (n=38 of 163) OR (95% CI)
*Demographic characteristics*
Frailty × Living Alone	1.51 (0.70-3.24)	1.55 (0.80-2.99)	1.15 (0.59-2.21)	1.94 (0.88-4.26)
Frailty × Unmarried	2.03 (0.92-4.48)	1.56 (0.72-3.54)	2.88 (1.26-6.58)	1.97 (0.80–4.87)
Psychosocial characteristics ^§
Frailty × Anxiety (GAI-SF Score > 3)	2.69 (1.21-5.98)	1.57 (0.77-3.20)	1.57 (0.77-3.17)	1.56 (0.68-3.61)
Frailty × Depression (GDS-SF Score > 6)	1.32 (0.50-3.48)	1.44 (0.68-3.05)	1.28 (0.61-2.67)	1.66 (0.71-3.91)
Frailty × Poor Wellbeing	4.70 (1.85-11.96)	2.63 (1.15-6.01)	2.68 (1.17-6.13)	1.53 (0.60-3.93)
Frailty × Low Sense of Control	3.92 (1.67-9.24)	3.29 (1.46-7.39)	2.34 (1.08-5.09)	2.46 (1.02-5.98)
Frailty × Low Social Activities	2.73 (1.21-6.17)	2.82 (1.48-5.38)	1.87 (0.99-3.54)	1.69 (0.76-3.76)
Frailty × Poor Home/Neighbourhood	2.94 (1.19-7.25)	2.36 (1.03-5.41)	1.51 (0.73-3.11)	2.47 (1.09-5.64)
Frailty × Poor Social Relationships	0.71 (0.18-2.75)	1.13 (0.46-2.76)	1.28 (0.53-3.07)	1.28 (0.53-3.07)

Each regression model controlled for age, gender, co-morbidity and the main effects of frailty and demographic/psychosocial factors.
^§For each psychosocial factor with a ‘poor’ ranking, poor was considered as the lowest quartile.
Abbreviations: HR Hazard Ratio, CI confidence interval, GAI-SF Geriatric Anxiety Inventory – Short Form, GDS-SF Geriatric Depression Scale – Short Form, LOS Length of Stay, GEMU Geriatric Evaluation and Management Unit. Significant factors are highlighted in BOLD.

ISSN: 1471-2318