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Table 2 The association of frailty and psychosocial factors with outcomes

From: Psychosocial factors modify the association of frailty with adverse outcomes: a prospective study of hospitalised older people

 

12-Month mortality ( n=40 of 172)

Discharged to higher level care ( n=70 of 163)

Long GEMU LOS (> 12 days) (n=97 of 172)

1-month emergency rehospitalisation (n=38 of 163)

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

  Frailty

3.16 (1.36-7.33)

n.a.

2.40 (1.21-4.78)

n.a.

2.04 (1.07-3.88)

n.a.

2.53 (1.10-5.82)

n.a.

Demographic characteristic

   

  Lives alone

0.79 (0.39-1.60)

0.83 (0.42-1.68)

1.01 (0.52-1.97)

1.12 (0.56-2.22)

1.01 (0.53-1.91)

1.08 (0.56-2.06)

1.10 (0.51-2.39)

1.02 (0.46-2.23)

  unmarried

1.14 (0.51 -2.52)

0.91 (0.38-2.17)

0.92 (0.46-1.86)

0.90 (0.44-1.85)

1.51 (0.77-2.97)

1.52 (0.77-3.03)

1.89 (0.85-4.20)

1.90 (0.84-4.29)

Psychosocial characteristic †

       

  Anxiety (GAI-SF>3)

1.79 (0.85-3.78)

1.56 (0.74-3.26)

1.25 (0.64-2.46)

1.59 (0.78-3.26)

0.72 (0.38-1.36)

0.87 (0.44-1.69)

0.70 (0.32-1.53)

0.83 (0.37-1.87)

  Depression (GDS-SF>6)

1.50 (0.65-3.45)

1.49 (0.66-3.37)

1.07 (0.53-2.14)

0.88 (0.43-1.81)

1.39 (0.72-2.70)

1.21 (0.61-2.40)

1.26 (0.57-2.80)

1.02 (0.44-2.33)

  Wellbeing (poor)

1.91 (0.88-4.15)

1.84 (0.86-3.92)

2.81 (1.30-6.06)

2.26 (1.01-5.04)

1.28 (0.52-3.15)

0.96 (0.37-2.45)

2.12 (1.00-4.50)

1.70 (0.77-3.73)

  Sense of control (poor)

2.97 (1.29-6.83)

2.30 (0.94-5.64)

3.22 (1.54-6.72)

2.66 (1.25-6.00)

2.17 (1.07-4.41)

1.80 (0.86-3.76)

2.02 (0.88-4.64)

1.68 (0.71-3.94)

  Social activities (poor)

0.92 (0.20-4.29)

0.77 (0.17-3.51)

3.36 (1.01-11.22)

2.94 (0.86-10.05)

1.04 (0.36-3.03)

0.88 (0.29-2.63)

0.40 (0.12-1.33)

0.31 (0.85-1.09)

  Social relationships (poor)

1.99 (0.79–5.04)

1.68 (0.66-4.31)

1.87 (0.86-4.09)

2.01 (0.91-4.46)

0.64 (0.30-1.37)

0.60 (0.28-1.30)

0.68 (0.26-1.78)

0.63 (0.24-1.67)

  1. Model 1 controlled for age, gender and Charlson’s Comorbidity Index; Model 2 controlled for age, gender Charlson’s Comorbidity Index and Frailty Status measured using Fried’s criteria.
  2. †For each psychosocial factor with a ‘poor’ ranking, poor was considered as the lowest quartile.
  3. Abbreviations: HR Hazard Ratio, CI confidence interval, n.a. not applicable, GAI-SF Geriatric Anxiety Inventory – Short Form, GDS-SF Geriatric Depression Scale – Short Form, LOS Length of Stay, GEMU Geriatric Evaluation and Management Unit. Significant factors are highlighted in BOLD.
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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