Table 4 Multi-component training (combined aerobic, strength, coordination; low challenge balance)
Study, sample size | Intervention vs control (content, dose) | Sample characteristics | Main findings | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Within-group | Between-group | |||
Cognitive-motor only | ||||
Lee 2013 [38] N = 55 | IG: RT, aerobics, strength, coordination, low level balance (3D, static and dynamic) – higher intensity 10 wk, 2/wk, 50 min, education: twice 50 min | Diabetes; age 65+; IG 73.78 (4.77), CG 74.29 (5.20); independent walking; no intellectual disabilities; 24/55 fall past year | + BBS pre 51.67(2.48) post 53.41 (.89), p < .001 | |
STS pre 17.51(5.46) post 13.78 (2.86), p < .001 | ||||
CG: N/A (reported as RCT but only within group analysis) | FR pre 28.22 (6.86) post 32.50 (6.31), p < .001 | |||
TUG pre 11.48 (2.31) post 9.78 (1.58), p < .001 | ||||
OLS pre 15.85 (8.26) 21.75 post (8.11), p < .001 | ||||
Gait speed pre 93.16 (18.97) post 102.87 (16.56), p < .001 | ||||
Cadence pre 101.95 (11.81) post 109.92 (10.94), p < .001 | ||||
mFES pre 6.75 (1.7)9 post 8.11 (1.11), p = .002 | ||||
Rosenberg 2010 [30] N = 19 | IG: Wii sports unstructured– higher intensity 12 wk, 3/wk, 35 min | Community-dwelling;age 78.7 (8.7); 63–94; subsyndromal depression; no major depression, primary anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or substance use disorder (Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview); no cognitive impairment (MMSE < 24); TUG < 14 s; 18% “limited a lot” in performing moderate level physical activity, 35% “limited a little,”, 47% no limitation (SF-36) | +Depression (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms) pre 7.8 (3.7) 6 wk 4.8 (2.3), p = .002 post 5.1 (3.0) p = .004 | |
CG: N/A | ||||
Cognition (Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neurocognitive Status) pre 90.7 (18.0) post 95.3 (16.9), p = .032 | ||||
No anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory) | ||||
Keogh 2013 [60] N = 26 | IG: Wii sports unstructured– higher intensity 8 wk, individual | Residential aged care; age 83 (8); IG 81 (7), CG 85 (7); able to walk at least 10 meters unaided or with a walking aid; sufficient cognitive ability to understand instructions (standard tools such as the MMSE); sedentary | No FSST (n = 15/26) p = .199 | |
CG: passive | ||||
Cognitive-motor plus other components | ||||
Hsu 2011 [29] N = 34 | IG: Wii sports bowling + strength and balance 4 wk, 2/wk, 20 min + 4 wk, 2-4/wk, ? | Long-term care; age 80, 52–97; self-reported upper extremity dysfunction; no major cognitive impairment (determined by staff); 91% walking aid (including wheelchair) | No STS | No STS |
CG: strength and balance 4 wk, 2-4/wk, ? | IADL (Nursing Home Physical Performance Test) | |||