Table 1 Baseline demographic data including a comparison between those scoring minimum (score 1 and 2/5) and maximum (score 3, 4 and 5/5) risk on the Risk Instrument for Screening in the Community (RISC)

Age (Mean ± SD)

79.8 ± 7.4

79.7 ± 7.4

81.8 ± 6.7

< 0.01

80 ± 7.3

79.9 ± 7.4

0.99

79 ± 7

83.2 ± 7.7

< 0.001

Gender

F 516 (64%)

65%

67%

0.70

69%

57%

0.001

67%

59%

0.08

M 287 (36%)

35%

33%

31%

43%

33%

41%

Educational Level (where available)

0.02

0.06

< 0.01

- Primary

154 (37%)

35%

48%

33%

42%

33%

50%

- Secondary

178 (43%)

46%

27%

48%

36%

47%

30%

- Third

83 (20%)

19%

25%

19%

22%

20%

20%

Living alone

Y 381 (47%)

48%

41%

0.18

52%

40%

< 0.01

49%

43%

0.20

N 422 (53%)

52%

59%

48%

60%

51%

57%

Accommodation type

0.22

- Own home

724 (90%)

93%

85%

< 0.01

93%

89%

0.02

93%

89%

- Sheltered accommodation

21 (3%)

1%

0%

0%

2%

1%

1%

- Another’s home

58 (7%)

6%

15%

6%

9%

6%

10%

Home Help

Y 419 (52%)

50%

81%

< 0.001

48%

63%

< 0.001

53%

57%

0.29

(Any type)

N 384 (48%)

50%

19%

52%

37%

47%

43%

Home help hours

< .001

0

384 (48%)

58%

21%

< 0.001

60%

42%

< 0.001

55%

49%

≤5

335 (41%)

34%

44%

34%

39%

37%

31%

6-10

40 (5%)

4%

14%

4%

8%

5%

7%

11-20

24 (3%)

2%

10%

2%

5%

3%

6%

>20

20 (3%)

2%

11%

1%

6%

1%

7%

Abbreviated Mental Test Score (Mean ± SD)

9.25 ± 1.86

9.51 ± 1.46

7.38 ± 3.07

< 0.001

9.43 ± 1.60

8.94 ± 2.23

< 0.001

9.41 ± 1.58

8.64 ± 2.61

< 0.001

Cognitive Impairment

Y 134 (16.7%)

21%

75%

< 0.001

22%

41%

< 0.001

24%

47%

< 0.001

N 669 (83.3%)

79%

25%

78%

59%

76%

53%

Barthel Index Score (Median ± IQR)

18 ± 6, range 0-20

18 ± 4, 0-20

12 ± 6, 0-20

< 0.001

19 ± 4, 0-20

16 ± 7, 0-20

< 0.001

18 ± 4, 0-20

15 ± 9, 0-20

< 0.001

PHNs own opinion of frailty

Y 335 (42%)

37%

76%

< 0.001

71%

63%

< 0.001

36%

65%

< 0.001

N 468 (58%)

63%

24%

29%

37%

64%

35%

Clinical Frailty Scale Score (Median ± IQR)

5 ± 2, range 0-9

4 ± 3, 0-9

6 ± 1, 2-8

< 0.001

4 ± 2, 0-8

6 ± 2, 2-9

< 0.001

4 ± 3, 0-8

6 ± 2, 2-9

< 0.001

Clinical Frailty Score ≥5

422 (54%)

49%

91%

< 0.001

44%

73%

< 0.001

49%

75%

< 0.001

Charlson Comorbidity Index (Median ± IQR)

1 ± 2, range 0-10

1 ± 2, 0-9

2 ± 2, 0-10

< 0.001

1 ± 1, 0-7

2 ± 2, 0-10

< 0.001

1 ± 2, 0-8

2 ± 2, 0-10

< 0.001

Total number medications (Median ± IQR)

5 ± 5, range 0-18

5 ± 4.3, 0-18

7 ± 5, 1-16

0.001

4 ± 5, 0-14

7 ± 5, 0-18

< 0.001

5 ± 4, 0-16

6 ± 5, 0-18

< 0.001

Admissions in last year (Median ± IQR)

1 ± 1, range 0-10

1 ± 1, 0-10

1 ± 0, 1-5

0.17

1 ± 1, 0-6

1 ± 1, 1-10

> 0.05

1 ± 1, 0-10

1 ± 1, 1-6

0.19