Table 4 Diagnosed comorbidity complexes of dementia patients and control subjects stratified by gender

Neoplasms

Cancer (all)

33.9

35.9

0.90 (0.82–0.99)

22.0

24.1

0.91 (0.85–0.97)

0.589

Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs

Anaemia

26.1

20.0

1.40 (1.26–1.56)

25.2

19.0

1.40 (1.31–1.50)

0.925

Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases

Thyroid dysfunction

18.0

17.7

1.02 (0.91–1.16)

27.1

32.4

0.83 (0.78–0.88)

<0.0001

Diabetes

47.9

40.2

1.38 (1.26–1.51)

44.3

39.0

1.25 (1.18–1.32)

0.109

Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidaemias

45.1

51.0

0.81 (0.74–0.89)

40.3

51.5

0.70 (0.66–0.74)

0.008

Fluids/electrolyte disorders

32.2

17.2

2.24 (2.02–2.49)

35.6

21.1

1.94 (1.83–2.06)

0.016

Mental and behavioural disorders

Psychotic/neurotic disorders

20.5

13.5

1.67 (1.48–1.88)

25.1

19.7

1.51 (1.42–1.62)

0.054

Depression

24.5

10.4

2.81 (2.50–3.17)

32.6

20.5

1.93 (1.81–2.05)

<0.0001

Insomnia

14.9

9.6

1.65 (1.44–1.88)

16.7

13.3

1.25 (1.16–1.35)

<0.0001

Diseases of the nervous system

Parkinson’s disease

17.0

2.9

6.64 (5.62–7.84)

11.9

2.8

4.71 (4.21–5.28)

<0.0001

Diseases of the eye and ear

Severe vision reduction

39.8

47.2

0.73 (0.67–0.80)

36.4

50.9

0.56 (0.53–0.59)

<0.0001

Severe hearing loss

20.9

20.8

0.97 (0.87–1.09)

17.1

17.4

0.90 (0.83–0.97)

0.172

Diseases of the circulatory system

Hypertension

71.6

73.2

0.92 (0.83–1.02)

74.0

79.8

0.70 (0.66–0.75)

<0.0001

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

45.6

42.9

1.10 (1.00–1.20)

37.8

36.7

0.97 (0.91–1.02)

0.044

Cardiac arrhythmias

33.9

31.6

1.03 (0.94–1.14)

26.5

27.6

0.88 (0.83–0.94)

0.003

Cardiac insufficiency

40.9

26.2

1.90 (1.73–2.10)

48.2

35.0

1.48 (1.39–1.56)

<0.0001

Atherosclerosis/peripheral arterial occlusive disease

47.7

32.6

1.86 (1.70–2.05)

41.6

30.2

1.56 (1.48–1.66)

0.002

Cerebral ischaemia/chronic stroke

39.1

16.1

3.32 (3.00–3.67)

30.1

15.9

2.34 (2.19–2.50)

<0.0001

Lower limb varicosis

17.2

16.6

1.04 (0.92-1.17)

24.8

29.3

0.81 (0.76-0.86)

<0.0001

Diseases of the respiratory system

Pneumonia

14.6

6.4

2.45 (2.12–2.83)

10.6

4.7

2.23 (2.02–2.48)

0.353

Asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

34.2

31.0

1.15 (1.04–1.27)

23.6

23.1

1.02 (0.95–1.09)

0.030

Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue

Arthritis

13.4

15.3

0.86 (0.76–0.99)

10.6

13.1

0.79 (0.73–0.87)

0.348

Joint arthrosis

36.0

39.6

0.85 (0.77–0.93)

42.7

50.5

0.71 (0.68–0.76)

0.001

Purine/pyrimidine metabolism disorders/gout

32.9

36.8

0.85 (0.77–0.93)

22.4

25.0

0.86 (0.81–0.92)

0.581

Lower back pain

48.5

55.7

0.76 (0.69–0.83)

49.1

60.3

0.67 (0.63–0.71)

0.016

Osteoporosis

8.6

6.5

1.33 (1.12–1.57)

29.0

29.3

0.97 (0.91–1.03)

<0.0001

Diseases of the genitourinary system

Renal insufficiency/failure

28.3

20.5

1.50 (1.35–1.66)

19.4

14.6

1.30 (1.21–1.40)

0.024

Incontinence

48.3

18.2

4.19 (3.79–4.63)

50.9

26.7

2.71 (2.56–2.87)

<0.0001

Injuries, fractures and fall risks

Fractures and injuries

37.3

27.8

1.52 (1.38–1.68)

45.5

32.8

1.63 (1.54–1.73)

0.253

Fall risk and dizziness

22.8

15.4

1.59 (1.42–1.78)

25.2

22.1

1.14 (1.07–1.22)

<0.0001