Table 2 Diagnosed comorbidity complexes of dementia patients and control subjects
From: A claims data-based comparison of comorbidity in individuals with and without dementia
Diagnosis group | Case n (%) N = 9,139 | Control n (%) N = 28,614 | OR* (95% CI) | p-value** |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Neoplasms | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Cancer (all) (C00–D48) | 2,284 (25.0) | 7,880 (27.5) | 0.89 (0.85–0.94) | <0.0001 |
Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs | ||||
Anaemia (D50–53, D55–64) | 2,321 (25.4) | 5,518 (19.3) | 1.40 (1.32–1.48) | <0.0001 |
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | ||||
Thyroid dysfunction (E01–07) | 2,266 (24.8) | 8,027 (28.1) | 0.86 (0.81–0.91) | <0.0001 |
Diabetes (E10–14) | 4,135 (45.2) | 11,252 (39.3) | 1.29 (1.23–1.35) | <0.0001 |
Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidaemias (E78) | 3,797 (41.5) | 14,685 (51.3) | 0.72 (0.69–0.76) | <0.0001 |
Fluids/electrolyte disorders (E86, E87, R60) | 3,175 (34.7) | 5,712 (20.0) | 2.01 (1.91–2.12) | <0.0001 |
Mental and behavioural disorders | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Psychotic/neurotic disorders (F20–29, F40–48) | 2,189 (24.0) | 5,122 (17.9) | 1.53 (1.45–1.62) | <0.0001 |
Depression (F32–33) | 2,790 (30.5) | 5,017 (17.5) | 2.08 (1.97–2.20) | <0.0001 |
Insomnia (F51, G47) | 1,485 (16.2) | 3,504 (12.2) | 1.34 (1.26–1.43) | <0.0001 |
Diseases of the nervous system | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Parkinson’s disease (G20–22) | 1,203 (13.2) | 805 (2.8) | 5.21 (4.75–5.72) | <0.0001 |
Diseases of the eye and ear | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Severe vision reduction (H17–18, H25–28, H31, H33, H34.1–34.2, H34.8–34.9, H35–36, H40, H43, H47, H54) | 3,406 (37.3) | 14,254 (49.8) | 0.59 (0.57–0.62) | <0.0001 |
Severe hearing loss (H90, H91) | 1,650 (18.1) | 5,267 (18.4) | 0.91 (0.86–0.97) | 0.004 |
Diseases of the circulatory system | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Hypertension (I10–15) | 6,704 (73.4) | 22,266 (77.8) | 0.76 (0.72–0.80) | <0.0001 |
Coronary artery disease (CAD) (I20–25) | 3,638 (39.8) | 11,018 (38.5) | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | 0.821 |
Cardiac arrhythmias (I44–49) | 2,570 (28.1) | 8,229 (28.8) | 0.92 (0.87–0.97) | 0.002 |
Cardiac insufficiency (I50) | 4,233 (46.3) | 9,277 (32.4) | 1.58 (1.50–1.66) | <0.0001 |
Atherosclerosis/peripheral arterial occlusive disease (I65–66, I67.2, I70, I73.9) | 3,945 (43.2) | 8,838 (30.9) | 1.64 (1.56–1.72) | <0.0001 |
Cerebral ischaemia/chronic stroke (G45, I60–64, I69) | 2,960 (32.4) | 4,352 (15.2) | 2.59 (2.45–2.74) | <0.0001 |
Lower limb varicosis (I83, I87.2) | 2,093 (22.9) | 7,316 (25.6) | 0.85 (0.80–0.89) | <0.0001 |
Diseases of the respiratory system | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Pneumonia (J12–18) | 1,062 (11.6) | 1,497 (5.2) | 2.31 (2.12–2.51) | <0.0001 |
Asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (J40–47) | 2,403 (26.3) | 7,273 (25.4) | 1.05 (1.00–1.11) | 0.060 |
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | ||||
Arthritis (M02, M05–06, M08, M10, M11–13) | 1,035 (11.3) | 3,932 (13.7) | 0.82 (0.76–0.88) | <0.0001 |
Joint arthrosis (M15–19) | 3,746 (41.0) | 13,524 (47.3) | 0.74 (0.71–0.78) | <0.0001 |
Purine/pyrimidine metabolism disorders/gout (E79, M10) | 2,291 (25.1) | 8,141 (28.5) | 0.86 (0.82–0.91) | <0.0001 |
Lower back pain (M40–48, M50–54) | 4,474 (49.0) | 16,857 (58.9) | 0.69 (0.66–0.72) | <0.0001 |
Osteoporosis (M80–82) | 2,178 (23.8) | 6,465 (22.6) | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | 0.937 |
Diseases of the genitourinary system | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Renal insufficiency/failure (N17–19) | 1,978 (21.6) | 4,667 (16.3) | 1.36 (1.28–1.44) | <0.0001 |
Incontinence (N39.3, R32, R15) | 4,594 (50.3) | 6,914 (24.2) | 3.01 (2.87–3.17) | <0.0001 |
Fractures, injuries and fall risks | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Fractures and injuries (S00–T14) | 3,965 (43.4) | 8,958 (31.3) | 1.60 (1.52–1.68) | <0.0001 |
Fall risk and dizziness (R26, R29.6, R42, H81, H82) | 2,251 (24.6) | 5,761 (20.1) | 1.23 (1.16–1.30) | <0.0001 |