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Table 1 Patient characteristics and laboratory and clinical data of patients assessed with the CHS and SOF frailty index*

From: Prevalence of frailty and its ability to predict in hospital delirium, falls, and 6-month mortality in hospitalized older patients

 

CHS frailty index (N = 220 patients)

SOF index (N = 204 patients)

 

Nonfrail and prefrail (n = 132)

Frail (n = 88)

P

Nonfrail (n = 32)

Prefrail (n = 106)

Frail (n = 66)

p

Age (y), mean ± SD

83.7 ± 4.8

83.3 ± 5.4

0.58

83.1 ± 5.2

83.8 ± 5.1

83.5 ± 5.1

0.77

Female, n (%)

81 (62)

45 (51)

0.1

15 (47)

64 (60)

38 (58)

0.39

Number of comorbidities, mean ± SD

2.33 ± 1.5

3.4 ± 2

<0.001

2 ± 1.3a

2.4 ± 1.4

3.1 ± 1.8

0.005

Number of medications taken at home, mean ± SD

7.5 ± 3.5

8.9 ± 3.5

0.005

7 ± 3.9b

7.7 ± 3.1

8.9 ± 3.6

0.012

Hemoglobin, g/dl, mean ± SD

12.3 (2.1)

11.7 (2.1)

0.07

12.7 ± 2.1

12.1 ± 2.0

11.8 ± 2.0

0.09

  Hemoglobin < 10, n (%)

19 (15)

18 (20)

0.32

4 (13)

16 (15)

13 (20)

0.36

  Hemoglobin ≥10 and <12 (F) or < 13 (M), n(%)

39 (30)

30 (34)

 

6 (19)

35 (33)

21 (32)

 

  Hemoglobin ≥12 (F) or ≥ 13 (M), n (%)

73 (55)

41 (46)

 

22 (68)

55 (53)

32 (48)

 

C-reactive protein (mg/L), mean ± SD

43.6 ± 74

45 ± 63

0.12

51 ± 84

45.5 ± 77

42 ± 61

0.68

eGFR (ml/min), mean ± SD

54.6 ± 22

49.9 ± 24.6

0.16

59.2 ± 18

54.4 ± 23

49.2 ± 24

0.12

Education

       

  Low (<15 y), n (%)

52 (39.4)

36 (40.1)

0.78

14 (43.8)

43 (40.5)

26 (39.4)

0.9

  Moderate (12–18 y), n (%)

66 (50)

41 (46.5)

 

15 (46.9)

52 (49)

32 (48.5)

 

  High (≥18 y), n (%)

14 (10.6)

11 (12.5)

 

3 (9.3)

11 (10.4)

8 (12.1)

 

MMSE short form, mean ± SD (range 0–12)

8.5 ± 3.0

8.1 ± 3.1

0.2

9.2 ± 2.9

8.2 ± 3.1

8.8 ± 2.5

0.12

ADL, mean ± SD

2.6 ± 3.0

4.5 ± 3.0

<0.001

1.1 ± 1.7c

3.3 ± 3.1

4.1 ± 3.1

<0.001

GDS, mean ± SD

2.7 ± 2.2

4.4 ± 2.6

<0.001

2.5 ± 2.1

3.0 ± 2.4

4.2 ± 2.6d

0.001

Patients with delirium during hospitalization, n (%)

14 (10.6)

10 (11.4)

0.86

2 (6.3)

12 (11.3)

6 (9.1)

0.68

Patients with ≥ 1 fall during hospitalization, n (%)

10 (7.6)

8 (9.1)

0.7

0 (0)

12 (11.3)

5 (7.6)

0.12

Length of stay, days, mean ± SD

15 ± 11.6

17.4 ± 13.1

0.17

12.2 ± 8.7

15.5 ± 11.6

17.9 ± 13.2

0.08

Mortality during hospitalization, n (%)

1 (0.8)

9 (10.2)

0.001

0 (0)

3 (2.8)

7 (10.6)

0.02

Morality 6 months after hospitalizatione, n (%)

7/127 (5.5)

23/77 (30)

<0.001

0/31 (0)

12/99 (12)

13/59 (22)

0.01

  1. Abbreviations: SD standard deviation, M male, F female, CHS Cardiovascular Health Study, SOF Study of Osteoporotic Fracture, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ADL activities of daily living, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, GDS Geriatric Depression Scale.
  2. *A total of 220 patients were included. Of the 220 patients who had complete CHS data, 204 had complete SOF data.
  3. aNonfrail patients significantly different from frail patients (p = 0.006 after Bonferroni correction).
  4. bNonfrail patients significantly different from frail patients (p = 0.03 after Bonferroni correction).
  5. cNonfrail patients significantly different from prefrail (p = 0.001 after Bonferroni correction) and frail patients (p < 0.001 after Bonferroni correction).
  6. dFrail patients significantly different from prefrail (p = 0.01 after Bonferroni correction) and nonfrail(p = 0.005 after Bonferroni correction) patients.
  7. eData for 6-month mortality were available for 204 patients assessed with the CHS index and 189 patients assessed with the SOF index.
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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