Table 1 Demographic characteristics and functional capacities of participants
Characteristics | Intervention (n = 57) | Control (n = 35) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
Sex, n (%) | |||
Men | 9 (15.8) | 8 (22.9) | 0.419a |
Women | 48 (84.2) | 27 (77.1) | |
Age in years, mean ± SD | 74.3 ± 5.9 | 74.3 ± 5.0 | 0.969c |
BMI, mean ± SD | 24.3 ± 2.7 | 24.3 ± 3.1 | 0.941c |
Preexisting conditions, n (%) | 20 (35.1) | 11 (31.4) | 0.718a |
Hypertension | 16 (28.1) | 9 (25.7) | 0.805a |
Diabetes mellitus | 4 (7.0) | 2 (5.7) | 1.000b |
Joint pain (arthritis) | 3 (5.3) | 2 (5.7) | 1.000b |
Heart disease | 4 (7.0) | 4 (11.4) | 0.474b |
Cerebrovascular disease | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000b |
Have experienced falls, n (%) | 7 (12.3) | 5 (14.3) | 0.762b |
Lifestyle | |||
Ability to walk 1 km (yes, n (%)) | 52 (91.2) | 31 (88.6) | 0.727b |
Hobby activity (yes, n (%)) | 48 (84.2) | 28 (80.0) | 0.605a |
Volunteer activity (yes, n (%)) | 49 (86.0) | 30 (85.7) | 1.000b |
Older adult’s group activity (yes, n (%)) | 47 (82.5) | 29 (82.6) | 0.961a |
Friendly conversation with neighbors | 45 (78.9) | 27 (77.1) | 0.839a |
(2 days or more/w, n (%)) | |||
Going out (2 days or more/w, n (%)) | 56 (98.2) | 34 (97.1) | 1.000b |
Appetite (yes, n (%)) | 55 (96.5) | 32 (91.4) | 0.365b |
Food Frequency Score (FFS), mean ± SD | 21.5 ± 3.7 | 21.1 ± 5.3 | 0.690c |
Dietary Variety Score (DVS), mean ± SD | 4.2 ± 2.3 | 3.9 ± 2.9 | 0.577c |
TMG-Index of competence, mean ± SD | 12.4 ± 1.1 | 11.9 ± 1.4 | 0.062c |
Instrumental self-maintenance, mean ± SD | 4.9 ± 0.2 | 4.9 ± 0.3 | 0.538c |
Intellectual activity, mean ± SD | 3.7 ± 0.6 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 0.792c |
Social roles, mean ± SD | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 3.3 ± 1.1 | 0.014c |
Self-rated health, n (%) | 0.657d | ||
Very good | 7 (12.3) | 3 (8.6) | |
Good | 41 (71.9) | 26 (74.3) | |
Not good | 9 (15.8) | 6 (17.1) |