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Table 1 Study cohort demographics

From: Early recognition of risk factors for adverse outcomes during hospitalization among Medicare patients: a prospective cohort study

Description

n (%)

Female

123 (57.9)

Age (years)

 

<65

40 (18.7)

65-79

85 (39.7)

> 80

89 (41.6)

Race

 

White

147 (68.7)

Black

47 (22.0)

Other

20 (9.4)

Secondary insurance type

 

Commercial PPOa

61 (28.5)

Commercial Indemnity

41 (19.2)

Medicaid Indemnity

78 (36.4)

Other/Unknown

34 (15.9)

Discharge destination

 

Home/self-care

112 (52.3)

Home health care

46 (21.5)

Skilled Nursing Facility

36 (16.8)

Hospice

6 (2.80

Expired

3 (1.4)

Other

11 (5.1)

Comorbidities (n and% of total for each)

 

Myocardial infarction

22 (10.3)

Heart failure

36 (16.8)

Ischemic heart disease

21 (9.8)

COPDb

28 (13.1)

Peripheral vascular disease

28 (13.1)

Diabetes

66 (30.8)

Cancer

44 (20.6)

Dementia

28 (13.1)

Hepatic disease

14 (6.6)

Mild renal diseasec

24 (11.2)

Moderate/severe renal diseasec

72 (33.6)

Frailty characteristics (n and% of total for each)

 

Admitted from a skilled nursing facility

22 (10.3)

Ages 80 years and older

89 (41.6)

Anemia

103 (48.1)

Charlson Comorbidity Index Score > =4

74 (34.6)

Cognitive impairment

76 (35.5)

Deconditioning

28 (13.1)

Decubitus ulcer

17 (7.9)

Dehydration

84 (39.3)

Depression screen positive*

75 (42.1)

Feeding tube present at admission

8 (3.7)

Four or more active comorbid conditions

158 (73.8)

Functional impairment

77 (36.0)

Hyponatremia

20 (9.3)

Malnutrition

27 (12.6)

Potentially inappropriate medications

72 (33.6)

Use of a major tranquilizer

49 (22.9)

Polypharmacy**

106 (51.7)

Early readmission:

 

≥1 within the past 30 days

59 (27.6)

≥2 within the past 6 months

49 (22.9)

Recent unintentional weight loss

41 (19.2)

  1. aPPO = Preferred Provider Organization; bCOPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; cRenal disease severity determined by estimated creatinine clearance: mild = 60–89 ml/min;moderate/severe = <60 ml/min or dialysis dependent. Data available from only (*)n = 178 or (**)n = 205.