Figure 1
From: Factors associated with falls among older adults living in institutions
Rate ratios for falls by number of chronic conditions, number of medications, functional dependency, and cognitive status in institutionalized older people of Madrid, Spain, 1998–1999. Curves represent adjusted rate ratios (solid lines) and their 95% confidence intervals (dashed lines) based on restricted quadratic splines with knots at 1, 3, and 7 chronic conditions; 1, 4, and 9 medications; 90, 60, and 20 points for the modified Barthel index; and 3, 5, and 8 education-adjusted errors for the Pfeiffer’s questionnaire. The reference value (rate ratio = 1) was set at 2 chronic conditions, 3 medications, 100 points for the modified Barthel index, and 1 education-adjusted error for the Pfeiffer’s questionnaire. Rate ratios were adjusted for sex, age, functional dependency, and cognitive status. Bars represent the weighted bar charts of the number of chronic conditions, the number of medications, and the education-adjusted Pfeiffer score, as well as the weighted histogram of the modified Barthel index.