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Table 1 Demographic, cognitive, and driving simulation characteristics of 18 older adults with heart failure

From: Cognitive deficits are associated with poorer simulated driving in older adults with heart failure

Demographic/medical characteristics

Age, mean (SD)

67.72 (8.56)

Years of education, mean (SD)

13.78 (2.13)

Female (%)

11.1

Race (% Caucasian)

100%

LVEF, mean (SD)

39.38 (13.25)

Hypertension (% yes)

72.2

History of myocardial infarction (% yes)

38.9

Diabetes (% yes)

38.9

Sleep apnea (% yes)

27.8

Cardiac medication status (% Angiotensin; % ACE; % beta-blocker; % diuretics)

27.8; 61.1; 55.6; 22.2

Raw cognitive test performance, mean (SD)

Global cognitive function

 

MMSE

27.83 (2.09)

Attention/executive function

 

TMTA (seconds)

35.72 (11.21)

TMTB (seconds)

100.94 (56.51)

LNS

10.11 (2.85)

Stroop

31.17 (9.92)

Digit symbol coding

55.11 (13.06)

Memory

 

CVLT Total

40.67 (9.05)

CVLT SDFR

8.17 (2.53)

CVLD LDFR

8.44 (3.20)

Fine motor dexterity (seconds)

 

Pegboard dominant hand

88.00 (16.33)

Pegboard non-dominant hand

98.56 (20.62)

Driving simulation performance, mean (SD)

Total collisions

2.00 (1.28)

Number of stop signs missed

.78 (.81)

Number of centerline crossings

5.83 (3.96)

Number of road excursions

4.83 (6.39)

% Over speed limit

9.06 (8.57)

% Out of lane

4.75 (3.16)

  1. LVEF Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, TMTA Trail Making Test A, TMTB Trail Making Test B, LNS Letter Number Sequencing, CVLT California Verbal Learning Test-II, SDFR Short Delay Free Recall, LDFR Long Delay Free Recall, Angiotensin Angiotensin II Receptor Block, ACE Angiotensin-converting enzyme.