Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of older women and men in long-stay home care in Ontario, Canada, 2007 – overall and by age

Demographic measures, % (95% CI)

Income quintile based on mean neighbourhood income

Q1 (Lowest)

25.3%

26.5%

25.7%

25.2%

23.7%

22.8%

23.6%

22.4%

23.8%

20.7%

(24.9-25.8)

(25.5-27.5)

(25.0-26.5)

(24.4-26.0)

(22.8-24.7)

(22.1-23.5)

(22.2-25.0)

(21.3-23.6)

(22.5-25.1)

(19.1-22.4)

Q2

21.5%

22.3%

21.7%

21.6%

20.5%

21.5%

21.8%

21.9%

20.9%

21.5%

(21.1-22.0)

(21.4-23.3)

(21.0-22.4)

(20.9-22.4)

(19.6-21.4)

(20.9-22.2)

(20.5-23.1)

(20.8-23.0)

(19.7-22.1)

(19.9-23.2)

Q3

18.8%

18.6%

18.8%

18.6%

19.1%

19.2%

19.7%

19.2%

18.8%

19.3%

(18.4-19.2)

(17.7-19.5)

(18.2-19.5)

(17.9-19.3)

(18.3-20.0)

(18.6-19.8)

(18.4-21.0)

(18.2-20.3)

(17.7-20.0)

(17.8-21.0)

Q4

17.7%

17.7%

17.6%

17.9%

17.5%

18.6%

18.4%

19.5%

18.3%

17.6%

(17.3-18.1)

(16.8-18.5)

(17.0-18.3)

(17.3-18.6)

(16.7-18.3)

(18.0-19.2)

(17.2-19.6)

(18.5-20.6)

(17.2-19.5)

(16.1-19.1)

Q5 (Highest)

16.4%

14.8%

15.9%

16.4%

18.7%

17.5%

16.3%

16.8%

17.9%

20.5%

(16.0-16.7)

(14.0-15.6)

(15.3-16.5)

(15.8-17.1)

(17.9-19.6)

(17.0-18.1)

(15.2-17.5)

(15.9-17.8)

(16.8-19.1)

(18.9-22.2)

Prescription co-payment subsidy

41.9%

40.0%

39.7%

41.5%

47.8%

26.2%

25.5%

25.0%

25.7%

31.0%

(41.3-42.5)

(38.7-41.3)

(38.8-40.7)

(40.5-42.5)

(46.4-49.1)

(25.5-26.9)

(24.1-27.0)

(23.8-26.2)

(24.4-27.1)

(29.1-33.1)

Living status & caregiver relationship*

Lived alone

15.5%

16.4%

16.3%

16.2%

12.4%

10.5%

10.2%

11.2%

10.3%

9.8%

(15.2-15.8)

(15.6-17.3)

(15.7-16.9)

(15.6-16.9)

(11.7-13.1)

(10.1-11.0)

(9.3-11.2)

(10.4-12.0)

(9.4-11.2)

(8.7-11.0)

Co-resided with primary care giver

38.2%

46.6%

40.2%

34.4%

32.7%

62.5%

70.1%

64.4%

58.8%

52.3%

(37.7-38.8)

(45.3-48.0)

(39.2-41.2)

(33.5-35.4)

(31.6-33.9)

(61.4-63.6)

(67.8-72.6)

(62.6-66.4)

(56.8-60.9)

(49.8-55.0)

Relationship with primary caregiver (among those who resided together)

Chi ld/chi ld-in-law

55.8%

40.4%

50.6%

62.2%

76.7%

19.9%

13.9%

17.2%

22.4%

35.1%

(54.8-56.9)

(38.6-42.3)

(48.9-52.4)

(60.0-64.4)

(73.7-79.7)

(19.1-20.7)

(12.7-15.3)

(16.0-18.5)

(20.8-24.1)

(32.2-38.1)

Spouse

36.6%

53.8%

43.1%

29.7%

11.4%

76.3%

82.5%

79.0%

74.2%

60.2%

(35.7-37.4)

(51.7-56.0)

(41.6-44.8)

(28.2-31.2)

(10.2-12.6)

(74.8-77.9)

(79.5-85.6)

(76.4-81.6)

(71.3-77.3)

(56.4-64.1)

Other relative

5.4%

4.1%

4.2%

5.7%

9.0%

2.1%

1.9%

2.1%

1.8%

3.2%

(5.1-5.7)

(3.6-4.8)

(3.7-4.7)

(5.1-6.4)

(8.0-10.1)

(1.9-2.4)

(1.4-2.4)

(1.7-2.6)

(1.4-2.4)

(2.4-4.2)

Friend/neighbour

2.2%

1.6%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

1.7%

1.7%

1.7%

1.6%

1.5%

(2.0-2.5)

(1.3-2.1)

(1.7-2.4)

(2.1-3.0)

(2.4-3.6)

(1.4-1.9)

(1.3-2.2)

(1.3-2.1)

(1.2-2.1)

(1.0-2.3)

Relationship with primary caregiver (among all)

Child/child-in-law

67.3%

58.3%

65.6%

71.0%

73.0%

38.0%

27.3%

34.6%

42.7%

54.1%

(66.6-68.0)

(56.8-59.9)

(64.3-66.8)

(69.7-72.4)

(71.4-74.7)

(37.1-38.8)

(25.8-28.8)

(33.2-36.0)

(40.9-44.4)

(51.5-56.8)

Spouse

14.4%

25.6%

17.8%

10.6%

4.0%

48.6%

58.9%

51.7%

44.7%

32.2%

(14.1-14.7)

(24.6-26.7)

(17.2-18.5)

(10.1-11.1)

(3.6-4.4)

(47.6-49.6)

(56.8-61.1)

(50.0-53.4)

(42.9-46.5)

(30.2-34.3)

Other relative

9.6%

7.6%

8.2%

9.7%

13.7%

5.9%

5.5%

5.8%

5.8%

6.7%

(9.4-9.9)

(7.0-8.1)

(7.8-8.7)

(9.2-10.2)

(13.0-14.4)

(5.5-6.2)

(4.9-6.2)

(5.2-6.4)

(5.2-6.5)

(5.8-7.7)

Friend/neighbour

7.1%

6.5%

6.8%

7.3%

8.0%

5.9%

6.2%

6.2%

5.4%

5.7%

(6.9-7.3)

(6.0-7.0)

(6.4-7.2)

(6.8-7.7)

(7.5-8.6)

(5.6-6.2)

(5.5-6.9)

(5.6-6.8)

(4.8-6.0)

(4.9-6.6)

Caregiver experienced distress

9.9%

10.4%

10.4%

9.3%

9.5%

18.2%

18.0%

19.4%

17.4%

17.2%

(9.6-10.2)

(9.8-11.1)

(9.9-10.9)

(8.8-9.8)

(8.9-10.1)

(17.6-18.8)

(16.9-19.3)

(18.4-20.5)

(16.3-18.6)

(15.7-18.7)

Diagnosis (Prior 5 years)†

Arthritis

74.5%

75.5%

75.9%

75.3%

70.2%

65.5%

64.6%

65.8%

66.0%

65.4%

(73.8-75.3)

(73.8-77.3)

(74.5-77.2)

(73.9-76.7)

(68.5-71.8)

(64.4-66.6)

(62.3-66.9)

(63.9-67.7)

(63.8-68.2)

(62.5-68.3)

COPD

26.0%

28.1%

26.1%

25.5%

24.6%

36.6%

36.7%

36.7%

36.6%

36.3%

(25.5-26.4)

(27.1-29.2)

(25.3-26.8)

(24.7-26.3)

(23.6-25.5)

(35.8-37.5)

(35.0-38.5)

(35.3-38.2)

(35.0-38.3)

(34.2-38.5)

Cancer

7.3%

9.8%

7.9%

6.5%

5.3%

13.9%

16.6%

14.3%

13.3%

9.8%

(7.1-7.6)

(9.1-10.4)

(7.5-8.4)

(6.1-6.9)

(4.9-5.8)

(13.4-14.4)

(15.5-17.8)

(13.4-15.2)

(12.3-14.3)

(8.8-11.0)

Diabetes

28.4%

37.1%

31.6%

25.6%

19.5%

35.8%

42.7%

38.3%

33.1%

24.3%

(28.0-28.9)

(35.9-38.4)

(30.7-32.5)

(24.7-26.4)

(18.6-20.4)

(35.0-36.7)

(40.9-44.6)

(36.8-39.8)

(31.6-34.7)

(22.6-26.1)

Cardiovascular disease

19.8%

19.6%

19.7%

19.8%

20.0%

27.3%

28.2%

28.0%

26.4%

25.9%

(19.4-20.2)

(18.8-20.6)

(19.1-20.4)

(19.0-20.5)

(19.2-20.9)

(26.6-28.0)

(26.7-29.7)

(26.7-29.2)

(25.0-27.8)

(24.1-27.8)

Dementia

31.6%

27.2%

30.9%

33.3%

34.2%

37.6%

33.8%

38.1%

40.0%

38.3%

(31.1-32.1)

(26.2-28.3)

(30.1-31.8)

(32.4-34.2)

(33.0-35.3)

(36.8-38.5)

(32.2-35.5)

(36.7-39.6)

(38.3-41.7)

(36.1-40.5)

Osteoporosis

26.4%

26.3%

27.3%

26.9%

24.2%

8.7%

7.7%

9.0%

8.9%

9.3%

(25.9-26.8)

(25.3-27.3)

(26.5-28.1)

(26.1-27.8)

(23.3-25.2)

(8.3-9.1)

(6.9-8.5)

(8.3-9.7)

(8.1-9.7)

(8.3-10.5)

Fractures (Prior 5 years)†

Wrist/forearm

5.7%

5.3%

6.0%

5.7%

5.6%

2.0%

2.1%

2.3%

1.6%

2.1%

(5.5-5.9)

(4.8-5.7)

(5.7-6.4)

(5.3-6.1)

(5.1-6.0)

(1.8-2.2)

(1.7-2.6)

(1.9-2.7)

(1.3-2.0)

(1.6-2.6)

Shoulder/upper arm

3.7%

3.9%

3.7%

3.6%

3.5%

1.7%

1.3%

1.8%

1.9%

1.5%

(3.5-3.8)

(3.5-4.3)

(3.4-4.0)

(3.3-3.9)

(3.2-3.9)

(1.5-1.9)

(1.0-1.7)

(1.5-2.2)

(1.6-2.4)

(1.1-2.0)

Thoracic spine

1.1%

1.0%

1.1%

1.1%

1.2%

0.5%

0.5%

0.6%

0.5%

0.5%

(1.0-1.2)

(0.8-1.2)

(1.0-1.3)

(1.0-1.3)

(1.0-1.4)

(0.4-0.6)

(0.3-0.8)

(0.4-0.8)

(0.4-0.8)

(0.3-0.8)

Lumbar spine and pelvis

3.9%

2.9%

3.5%

4.3%

4.7%

2.3%

1.9%

2.1%

2.3%

3.1%

(3.7-4.0)

(2.6-3.3)

(3.2-3.8)

(4.0-4.7)

(4.2-5.1)

(2.1-2.5)

(1.5-2.3)

(1.8-2.5)

(1.9-2.7)

(2.5-3.8)

Hip/femur

9.3%

6.7%

8.1%

10.4%

11.8%

5.1%

4.4%

5.0%

5.0%

6.9%

(9.0-9.5)

(6.2-7.2)

(7.6-8.5)

(9.9-11.0)

(11.2-12.5)

(4.8-5.5)

(3.8-5.0)

(4.5-5.5)

(4.5-5.7)

(6.0-7.9)

Lower leg/ankle

2.5%

3.0%

2.6%

2.3%

2.2%

1.6%

2.1%

1.6%

1.4%

1.1%

(2.4-2.7)

(2.7-3.4)

(2.4-2.9)

(2.1-2.6)

(1.9-2.5)

(1.4-1.8)

(1.7-2.5)

(1.3-1.9)

(1.1-1.7)

(0.8-1.6)

Number of chronic conditions (Prior year)

0

0.7%

0.4%

0.6%

0.6%

1.0%

1.1%

1.3%

0.9%

1.2%

1.0%

(0.6-0.7)

(0.3-0.6)

(0.5-0.7)

(0.5-0.8)

(0.8-1.2)

(0.9-1.2)

(1.0-1.6)

(0.7-1.2)

(0.9-1.5)

(0.7-1.5)

1

7.1%

6.9%

6.7%

7.0%

8.3%

7.9%

7.2%

7.2%

7.9%

10.4%

(6.9-7.4)

(6.4-7.4)

(6.3-7.1)

(6.6-7.5)

(7.7-8.8)

(7.5-8.3)

(6.5-8.0)

(6.5-7.8)

(7.2-8.7)

(9.3-11.6)

2

19.6%

18.7%

19.0%

19.8%

21.3%

19.4%

19.2%

17.9%

19.9%

21.9%

(19.2-20.0)

(17.8-19.6)

(18.3-19.7)

(19.0-20.5)

(20.5-22.3)

(18.8-20.0)

(18.0-20.5)

(16.9-18.9)

(18.7-21.1)

(20.3-23.7)

3

25.7%

25.5%

25.6%

25.8%

25.8%

25.9%

25.5%

25.9%

25.4%

27.1%

(25.2-26.1)

(24.5-26.5)

(24.8-26.4)

(25.0-26.6)

(24.8-26.8)

(25.2-26.6)

(24.1-27.0)

(24.7-27.2)

(24.1-26.8)

(25.3-29.0)

4+

46.9%

48.5%

48.1%

46.9%

43.7%

45.9%

46.8%

48.2%

45.6%

39.6%

(46.3-47.5)

(47.1-49.9)

(47.1-49.2)

(45.8-48.0)

(42.4-45.0)

(44.9-46.8)

(44.9-48.8)

(46.5-49.8)

(43.8-47.5)

(37.4-41.9)

Unique drugs (Prior year)**

1–5

14.0%

10.8%

12.2%

14.3%

19.5%

13.5%

11.6%

12.0%

13.5%

20.3%

(13.7-14.4)

(10.2-11.5)

(11.7-12.8)

(13.7-14.9)

(18.7-20.4)

(13.0-14.1)

(10.6-12.6)

(11.2-12.8)

(12.6-14.5)

(18.7-22.0)

6–9

26.0%

22.1%

24.5%

27.3%

30.4%

25.2%

22.4%

24.6%

26.3%

28.8%

(25.6-26.5)

(21.2-23.1)

(23.7-25.2)

(26.4-28.1)

(29.3-31.5)

(24.5-25.9)

(21.1-23.8)

(23.4-25.8)

(25.0-27.7)

(27.0-30.8)

10–19

49.0%

51.1%

51.1%

49.1%

43.3%

49.0%

50.1%

50.4%

50.0%

42.5%

(48.4-49.6)

(49.7-52.6)

(50.1-52.2)

(48.0-50.2)

(42.0-44.6)

(48.1-50.0)

(48.1-52.2)

(48.8-52.1)

(48.1-51.9)

(40.2-44.9)

≥20

10.2%

15.4%

11.5%

8.5%

5.5%

11.0%

14.8%

12.0%

8.9%

6.5%

(9.9-10.5)

(14.6-16.2)

(11.0-12.1)

(8.1-9.0)

(5.1-6.0)

(10.6-11.5)

(13.7-15.9)

(11.2-12.9)

(8.1-9.8)

(5.7-7.5)