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Table 3 Percentage of inter-rater and intra-rater agreement, Cohen’s Kappa, and mean probability confidence in selecting the answer for each question in the fall video analysis questionnaire (n = 15 videos)

From: Development and validation of a questionnaire for analyzing real-life falls in long-term care captured on video

Stage of fall

Question

Inter-Rater Reliability

Intra-Rater Reliability

% Agreement

Cohen’s Kappa (95% CI)

Mean probability (0-100%)

% Agreement

Cohen’s Kappa (95% CI)

Mean Probability (0-100%)

Initiation

Cause of imbalance

87%

0.79 (0.53-1.00)

91

93%

0.90 (0.72-1.00)

94

Activity at time of fall

93%

0.91 (0.74-1.00)

97

93%

0.91 (0.73-1.00)

97

Mobility aids

93%

0.89 (0.69-1.00)

95

100%

1.00 (1.00-1.00)

97

Held objects

73%

0.33 (0.17-0.83)

97

100%

1.00 (1.00-1.00)

98

Height of fall

100%

1.00 (1.00-1.00)

99

87%

0.71 (0.34-1.00)

99

Footwear

67%

0.21 (0.19-0.63)

90

67%

0.29 (0.02-0.76)

90

Floor conditions - Wet/Dry

100%

1.00 (1.00-1.00)

97

100%

1.00 (1.00-1.00)

98

Floor conditions – Transition

100%

1.00 (1.00-1.00)

100

100%

1.00 (1.00-1.00)

100

Lighting

93%

0.84 (0.55-1.00)

97

100%

1.00 (1.00-1.00)

99

Contribution of clutter

47%

0.14 (0.07-0.35)

94

60%

0.24 (0.07-0.54)

96

Descent

Initial fall direction

80%

0.70 (0.40-0.99)

97

87%

0.81 (0.57-1.00)

96

Stepping responses

93%

0.87 (0.61-1.00)

97

93%

0.87 (0.61-1.00)

96

Reach-to-grasp responses

80%

0.44 (0.08-0.97)

94

87%

0.44 (0.15-1.00)

96

Impact

Landing configuration

93%

0.85 (0.57-1.00)

98

100%

1.00 (1.00-1.00)

97

Floor material

100%

1.00 (1.00-1.00)

100

100%

1.00 (1.00-1.00)

100

Perceived site of greatest energy absorption

93%

0.84 (0.55-1.00)

95

80%

0.47 (0.02-0.93)

97

Perceived site of greatest injury risk/impact severity

67%

0.41 (0.003-0.81)

92

73%

0.47 (0.05-0.90)

94

Head impact

80%

0.60 (0.19-1.00)

94

93%

0.87 (0.61-1.00)

95

Pelvis impact

100%

1.00 (1.00-1.00)

99

100%

1.00 (1.00-1.00)

99

Torso impact

80%

0.60 (0.19-1.00)

95

73%

0.41 (0.051-0.87)

98

Hand/wrist impact

93%

0.84 (0.55-1.00)

94

87%

0.67 (0.26-1.00)

97

Elbow/forearm impact

93%

0.84 (0.55-1.00)

96

93%

0.82 (0.47-1.00)

98

Knee impact

93%

0.86 (0.59-1.00)

95

93%

0.86 (0.59-1.00)

96

Shoulder impact

87%

0.70 (0.32-1.00)

96

93%

0.86 (0.59-1.00)

96