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Table 4 Three-year changes in mean bone mineral density (BMD) according to laxative use

From: Laxative use and incident falls, fractures and change in bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: results from the Women’s Health Initiative

 

Laxative Use

No Laxative Use

   
 

N

Mean (SE) *

N

Mean (SE) *

P-value *

P-value **

P-value ***

Total hip

       

Baseline

509

0.842 (0.006)

10791

0.847 (0.001)

0.4170

0.8376

0.8624

Year 3

424

0.847 (0.006)

8916

0.854 (0.001)

0.2767

0.3282

0.3409

Absolute change

422

0.004 (0.002)

8810

0.006 (0.000)

0.3866

0.3734

0.3714

Percent change

422

0.596 (0.201)

8810

0.730 (0.047)

0.5108

0.4856

0.4791

Total spine

       

Baseline

487

0.991 (0.007)

10456

0.975 (0.002)

0.0339

0.1307

0.1325

Year 3

401

1.010 (0.009)

8653

0.995 (0.002)

0.0836

0.4034

0.3974

Absolute change

400

0.017 (0.002)

8579

0.021 (0.001)

0.2075

0.1396

0.1573

Percent change

400

1.840 (0.257)

8579

2.198 (0.060)

0.1711

0.1324

0.1505

Total body

       

Baseline

512

1.023 (0.004)

10794

1.011 (0.001)

0.0090

0.0209

0.0234

Year 3

424

1.033 (0.005)

8891

1.023 (0.001)

0.0692

0.1754

0.1854

Absolute change

423

0.012 (0.002)

8796

0.011 (0.000)

0.6686

0.9132

0.8580

Percent change

423

1.236 (0.181)

8796

1.150 (0.043)

0.6422

0.8545

0.7946

  1. * Adjusted for age, ethnicity, and WHI clinical trial indicators.
  2. ** Adjusted for age, ethnicity, BMI, WHI clinical trial indicators, smoking status, physical activity, self-reported health, treated diabetes, history of fracture after age 55, corticosteroid use, physical function score, number of chronic medical conditions (including treated diabetes mellitus, stroke, any cancer, CVD, arthritis, hypertension, and emphysema), number of psychoactive drugs (including antipsychotic, antiepileptic, anxiolytic, hypnotic and antidepressant drug use), use of HRT, and bisphosphonate use.
  3. *** Adjusted as in (**) with the addition of history of falls (≥ 2).