Table 1 Characteristics of the study sample in 2005 (n = 35,102)

Female sex, No. (%)

2,183 (55.42)*

1,658 (62.28)*

11,806 (62.09)*

4,984 (52.54)

Age, y, No. (%)

  65-74

1,866 (47.37)*

1,323 (49.70)*

9,983 (52.50)*

5,755 (60.66)

  75-84

1,746 (44.33)*

1,080 (40.57)*

7,478 (39.33)*

3,232 (34.07)

  ≥85

327 (8.30)*

259 (9.73)*

1,553 (8.17)*

500 (5.27)

Race, mean (SE)

  White

0.930 (0.002)*

0.960 (0.001)*

0.919 (0.001)*

0.921 (0.001)

  African American

0.052 (0.002)*

0.024 (0.001)*

0.060 (0.001)*

0.057 (0.001)

Status below poverty line, mean (SE)

  <100%

0.106 (0.001)*

0.111 (0.001)*

0.101 (0.000)*

0.099 (0.001)

  100-200%

0.183 (0.001)*

0.209 (0.001)*

0.172 (0.000)*

0.169 (0.001)

  >200%

0.712 (0.002)*

0.680 (0.002)*

0.727 (0.001)*

0.732 (0.001)

Urban residence, mean (SE)

0.737 (0.005)*

0.577 (0.007)*

0.791 (0.002)

0.797 (0.003)

Income, US dollars, median (SE)

37,573.77 (159.01)*

34,839.85 (111.25)*

38,957.08 (78.64)*

39,501.05 (110.80)

Comorbidity, No. (%)

  Congestive heart failure

507 (12.87)

381 (14.31)

2,656 (13.97)*

1,240 (13.07)

  Depression

259 (6.58)*

215 (8.08)

1,465 (7.71)

725 (7.64)

  Diabetes

905 (22.98)*

679 (25.51)

4,755 (25.01)

2,464 (25.97)

  Hypertension

2,554 (64.84)*

1,892 (71.07)

1,3640 (71.74)*

6,649 (70.09)

  Ischemic heart disease

1,110 (28.18)

757 (28.44)

5,551 (29.20)

2,796 (29.47)

Prospective risk score, mean (SE)

  2004

0.825 (0.011)

0.855 (0.014)

0.859 (0.005)

0.844 (0.008)

  2005

0.919 (0.012)

0.950 (0.016)

0.942 (0.006)

0.924 (0.009)

  2006

1.034 (0.015)

1.040 (0.017)

1.044 (0.007)

1.029 (0.010)

  2007

1.153 (0.017)

1.186 (0.020)*

1.176 (0.008)*

1.141 (0.011)

Use of medical services in 2005, mean (SE)

  Outpatient visits, No.

23.146 (0.407)*

25.158 (0.585)

25.134 (0.193)*

25.876 (0.287)

  Outpatient costs, US dollars

3,498.249 (92.900)*

3,532.557 (124.010)*

3,741.035 (47.238)

3,869.198 (65.966)

  Medical costs, US dollars

6,000.270 (186.796)

5,837.965 (226.731)

6,208.844 (87.559)

6,266.855 (130.414)

Prescriptions of antidementia drugs, mean (SE)

 2004-2007

  Aricept®

0.675 (0.064)*

0.841 (0.090)

0.878 (0.036)

0.908 (0.054)

  Razadyne®

0

0

0.008 (0.002)

0.019 (0.005)

  Exelon®

0.079 (0.023)*

0.085 (0.032)*

0.100 (0.012)*

0.228 (0.031)

  Cognex®

0

0

0

0

  Namenda®

0.476 (0.055)

0.343 (0.054)*

0.401 (0.023)*

0.498 (0.038)

 Pre–Part D

  Aricept®

0.172 (0.026)*

0.262 (0.039)

0.297 (0.016)

0.335 (0.025)

  Razadyne®

0

0

0.008 (0.002)

0.019 (0.005)

  Exelon®

0.032 (0.013)*

0.044 (0.018)*

0.040 (0.006)*

0.106 (0.016)

  Cognex®

0

0

0

0

  Namenda®

0.102 (0.018)

0.084 (0.019)*

0.096 (0.008)*

0.140 (0.015)

 Post–Part D

  Aricept®

0.503 (0.046)

0.579 (0.059)

0.581 (0.023)

0.573 (0.033)

  Razadyne®

0

0

0

0

  Exelon®

0.047 (0.013)*

0.041 (0.016)*

0.060 (0.007)*

0.122 (0.017)

  Cognex®

0

0

0

0

  Namenda®

0.375 (0.041)

0.259 (0.040)*

0.305 (0.017)

0.357 (0.026)