Prevalence and socioeconomic correlates of chronic morbidity among elderly people in Kosovo: a population-based survey

Table 5 Association of demographic and socioeconomic factors with the presence and the number of chronic conditions; multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) from binary logistic regression

Variable	Presence of chronic conditions^*		Multimorbidity^†
Variable	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Sex:
Men	1.00 (reference)	0.014	1.00 (reference)	0.081
Women	1.50 (1.09–2.08)		1.23 (0.98–1.54)
Age-group:		<0.001 (2) ^‡		<0.001 (2)
65–74	1.00 (reference)	-	1.00 (reference)	-
75–84	2.45 (1.73–3.46)	<0.001	1.46 (1.12–1.89)	0.005
≥85	2.93 (1.97–4.37)	<0.001	1.81 (1.36–2.39)	<0.001
Residence:
Rural	1.00 (reference)	0.206	1.00 (reference)	0.598
Urban	1.22 (0.90–1.65)		1.06 (0.85–1.32)
Educational level:		0.150 (2)		0.400 (2)
≥9 years	1.00 (reference)	-	1.00 (reference)	-
1–8 years	1.52 (0.99–2.32)	0.052	1.22 (0.84–1.77)	0.304
0 years	1.46 (0.87–2.45)	0.148	1.33 (0.88–2.03)	0.178
Self-perceived poverty:
Not poor	1.00 ( reference)	0.010	1.00 (reference)	0.049
Poor	1.50 (1.10–2.05)		1.25 (1.00–1.55)
Access to medical care
Able	1.00 (reference)	<0.001	1.00 (reference)	<0.001
Unable	3.27 (2.27–4.71)		1.77 (1.41–2.20)

^* OR: presence vs. absence of chronic conditions.
^† OR: multimorbidity (≥2 chronic conditions) vs. single morbidity (1 chronic condition). Individuals with no chronic conditions (n = 244) were excluded from this analysis.
^‡ Overall p-values and degrees of freedom (in parentheses).