Table 1 Baseline socio-demographic & physical characteristics of program participants
Combined cohorts N (%) | Cohort 1 N (%) | Cohort 2 N (%) | Cohort 3 N (%) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Totals | 209 (100.0) | 78 (37.3) | 80 (38.2) | 51 (24.4) | |
Sex | |||||
Male | 42 (20.1) | 17 (21.8) | 16 (20.0) | 9 (17.6) | |
Female | 167 (79.9) | 61 (78.2) | 64 (80.0) | 42 (82.4) | .847 |
Age groups | |||||
50-64 years | 73 (35.3) | 12 (15.4) | 46 (57.5) | 15 (30.6) | |
65-74 years | 86 (41.5) | 41 (52.6) | 28 (35.0) | 17 (34.7) | <0.001 |
75+ years | 48 (23.2) | 25 (32.1) | 6 (7.5) | 17 (34.7) | |
Mean (SD) | 68.1 (8.62) | 71.3 (6.7) | 63.8 (7.7) | 70 (9.8) | <0.001 |
Ethnicity of origin | |||||
Chinese | 74 (36.1) | 0 (0) | 73 (91.3) | 1 (2.0) | |
South American | 54 (26.3) | 45 (60.8) | 2 (2.5) | 7 (13.7) | |
Caribbean | 13 (6.3) | 9 (12.2) | 1 (1.3) | 3 (5.0) | <0.001 |
European | 33 (16.1) | 7 (9.5) | 2 (2.5) | 24 (47.1) | |
South Asian | 10 (4.9) | 10 (13.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Canadian | 13 (6.3) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 12 (23.5) | |
Other | 8 (3.9) | 2 (2.6) | 2 (2.5) | 4 (7.8) | |
Education | |||||
< High School | 94 (46.5) | 47 (61.0) | 33 (41.2) | 14 (28.6) | |
High School | 79 (39.1) | 25 (32.5) | 34 (44.7) | 20 (40.8) | <0.001 |
> High School | 29 (14.3) | 5 (6.5) | 9 (11.8) | 15 (30.4) | |
Smoking Status-Yes | 4 (1.9) | 2 (2.6) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.9) | .833 |
Drinking Status-Yes | 45 (21.4) | 17 (21.8) | 9 (11.3) | 19 (36.5) | .003 |
Marital status | |||||
Single | 112 (54.9) | 59 (75.6) | 27 (35.1) | 26 (52.0) | <0.001 |
Married | 90 (44.1) | 18 (23.1) | 50 (64.9) | 23 (48.0) | |
Income | |||||
<$14,000 per year | 135 (71.4) | 66 (90.4) | 52 (70.3) | 17 (40.5) | |
$14,000-$30,000 | 35 (18.5) | 5 (6.8) | 12 (16.2) | 18 (42.9) | <0.001 |
>$30,000 | 19 (10.1) | 2 (2.7) | 10 (13.5) | 7 (16.7) | |
Chronic conditions | |||||
Hypertension | 105 (50.0) | 52 (49.4) | 27 (33.8) | 26 (50.0) | <0.001 |
Arthritis | 102 (48.6) | 38 (51.3) | 39 (48.8) | 25 (48.1) | .997 |
Diabetes Mellitus | 45 (21.4) | 28 (19.5) | 9 (11.3) | 8.(15.4) | <0.001 |
Sleep Disturbance | 54 (25.7) | 20 (25.6) | 21 (26.3) | 13 (25.0) | .987 |
Depression | 31 (14.8) | 14 (17.9) | 5 (6.3) | 12 (23.1) | .017 |
Hearing Impairment | 26 (12.4) | 9 (11.5) | 9 (11.3) | 8 (15.4) | .749 |
Disorientation | 14 (7.2) | 9 (11.5) | 4 (5.0) | 1 (1.9) | .090 |
Heart Disease | 12 (5.7) | 8 (10.3) | 3 (3.8) | 1 (1.9) | .097 |
aCOPD | 10 (4.8) | 4 (5.1) | 2 (2.5) | 4 (7.7) | .385 |
Tumour | 5 (2.4) | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (7.7) | .013 |
bMulti-Morbidity | 133 (63.3) | 56 (71.8) | 41 (51.2) | 36 (69.2) | .016 |
Walking Assistance | 18 (8.6) | 13 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (9.6) | .001 |
c Weekly physical activity | |||||
Needs improvement/fair | 35 (23.3) | 14 (18.4) | 15 (20.0) | 6 (12.5) | |
Good | 16 (7.9) | 8 (10.5) | 4 (5.3) | 4 (8.3) | .606 |
Very good/excellent | 150 (74.6) | 56 (71.0) | 56 (74.7) | 38 (79.6) | |
Mean (SD) | 6.7 (3.1) | 6.4 (2.9) | 6.6 (3.1) | (79.6) | .196 |
d Previous Tai Chi | 38 (18.1) | 0 (0.0) | 32 (40.0) | 6 (11.8) | <0.001 |