Characteristics | Participant | Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
 | A | B | C |  |
Total number of falls | 1 | 12 | 17 | 30 |
Number of falls on camera | 1 | 10 | 15 | 26 |
Total camera time, months | 5 | 7 | 5 | 17 |
Prefall phase, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Activity before the fall | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Transitioning | 0 | 2 | 7 | 9 (35) |
 Walking | 0 | 2 | 5 | 7 (27) |
 Bending down | 1 | 4 | 0 | 5 (19) |
 Dressing | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 (15) |
 Bathing | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 (4) |
Use of walking aids | 0 | 4 | 10 | 14 (54) |
Critical phase, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Initial fall direction | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Backward | 0 | 5 | 9 | 14 (54) |
 Sideward | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 (23) |
 Forward | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 (15) |
 Straight down | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 (8) |
Landing configuration | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Backward | 0 | 5 | 11 | 16 (62) |
 Sideward | 1 | 5 | 1 | 7 (27) |
 Forward | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 (11) |
Perceived site of greatest energy absorption | ||||
 Head | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Pelvis/torso/buttocks | 1 | 9 | 11 | 21 (81) |
 Upper limb | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 (11) |
 Lower limb | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 (8) |
Impact to key body sites | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Head | 1 | 9 | 6 | 16 (62) |
 Pelvis | 1 | 10 | 12 | 23 (89) |
 Torso | 1 | 9 | 11 | 21 (81) |
 Hand/wrist | 1 | 6 | 5 | 12 (46) |
 Elbow/forearm | 1 | 8 | 7 | 16 (62) |
 Knee | 0 | 1 | 5 | 6 (23) |
 Shoulder | 1 | 8 | 3 | 12 (46) |
Mean duration (± SD) of critical phase, in milliseconds* | 2750§ | 1933 ± 538 | 1883 ± 719 | 1946 ± 639 |
Presence other persons | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 (11) |
Postfall phase, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Location fall | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Living area | 0 | 6 | 11 | 17 (65) |
 Sleeping area | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 (15) |
 Hall | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 (12) |
 Bathroom | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 (8) |
Use call alarm | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes | 0 | 5 | 9 | 14 (54) |
 No | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 (19) |
 No need° | 0 | 2 | 3 | 5 (19) |
 Impossible to assess | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 (8) |
Mean time to use call alarm, sec. | NA# | 34 ± 33 | 133 ± 56 | 70 ± 64 |
Mean time for healthcare worker response, min. | NA# | 4 ± 3.9 | 9 ± 9.8 | 8 ± 8.4 |
Mean time on the ground, min. | 30§ | 10 ± 13.7 | 15 ± 17.2 | 14 ± 15.8 |
 Unwitnessed falls - alarm used | NA# | 7 ± 4.6 | 13 ± 10.8 | 11 ± 9.2 |
 Unwitnessed falls - no alarm used | 30§ | 25 ± 30.4 | 30 ± 40.3 | 28 ± 25.4 |
Recovery phase, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Stand up unaided | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Fall-related injuries | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 None | 1 | 2 | 14 | 17 (65) |
 Minor | 0 | 8 | 0 | 8 (31) |
 Major | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (4) |