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Table 3 Odds ratios for self-reported cognitive functioning and physical inactivity among older South Africans

From: Social capital and health among older adults in South Africa

Variables

Cognitive functioning

Physical inactivity

Sociodemographics

Unadjusted OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Unadjusted OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Age

    

50–59

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

60–69

0.58 (0.41-0.81)**

0.59 (0.40-0.89)*

1.67 (1.17-2.38)**

1.71 (1.26-2.32)***

70–79

0.43 (0.31-0.59)***

0.40 (0.26-0.65)***

2.08 (1.27-3.38)**

2.15 (1.33-3.47)**

80+

0.19 (0.10-0.38)***

0.20 (0.08-0.49)***

2.47 (1.59-3.85)***

2.56 (1.37-4.79)**

Gender

    

Female

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Male

1.52 (1.29-1.80)***

1.25 (0.94-1.67)

0.78 (0.63-0.97)*

0.79 (0.62-1.02)

Educational level

    

No schooling

1.00

1.00

1.00

---

Less than primary

1.00 (0.69-1.43)

0.91 (0.55-1.49)

0.99 (0.67-1.47)

 

Primary

1.32 (0.87-1.99)

1.15 (0.69-1.90)

1.22 (0.82-1.82)

 

Secondary

4.05 (2.29-7.15)***

2.96 (1.52-5.77)**

1.00 (0.56-1.78)

 

Wealth

    

Low

1.00

1.00

1.00

---

Medium

1.17 (0.66-2.07)

1.19 (0.69-2.03)

0.93 (0.56-1.55)

 

High

2.64 (1.41-4.94)**

2.05 (1.08-3.91)*

1.11 (0.52-2.38)

 

Social capital

    

Married/cohabitating

2.11 (1.58-2.82)***

1.75 (1.27-2.42)***

0.82 (0.64-1.00)

---

Social action

    

Low

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Medium

1.38 (0.98-1.94)

1.20 (0.89-1.61)

0.59 (0.39-0.89)*

0.64 (0.44-0.92)*

High

1.45 (1.01-2.09)*

1.42 (0.92-2.19)

0.52 (0.36-0.78)**

0.60 (0.44-0.84)**

Sociability

    

Low

1.00

---

1.00

---

Medium

1.33 (0.93-1.93)

 

0.74 (0.48-1.14)

 

High

1.40 (0.76-2.56)

 

0.75 (0.34-1.69)

 

Trust and solidarity

    

Low

1.00

1.00

1.00

---

Medium

1.72 (1.27-2.33)***

1.28 (0.88-1.85)

0.82 (0.42-1.63)

 

High

2.59 (1.62-4.16)***

2.13 (1.24-3.66)**

0.54 (0.26-1.14)

 

Safety

    

Low

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Medium

0.52 (0.34-0.79)**

0.53 (0.30-0.95)*

1.85 (1.13-3.02)*

1.92 (1.03-3.59)*

High

0.69 (0.38-1.24)

0.51 (0.23-1.13)

1.07 (0.60-1.92)

1.18 (0.58-2.38)

Civic engagement

    

Low

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Medium

1.89 (1.10-3.26)*

2.40 (1.15-5.05)*

0.43 (0.25-0.74)**

0.50 (0.29-0.85)*

High

2.33 (1.28-4.24)**

2.71 (1.27-5.78)*

0.38 (0.22-0.65)***

0.50 (0.27-0.920*

Psychological resources

    

Low

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Medium

1.98 (1.42-2.76)***

1.63 (1.17-2.29)**

0.62 (0.42-0.92)*

0.64 (0.33-0.93)*

High

2.86 (1.77-4.62)***

1.97 (1.16-3.33)*

0.38 (0.27-0.54)***

0.46 (0.29-0.72)***

  1. ***P < .001; **P < .01; *P < .05.