From: Social capital and health among older adults in South Africa
Variables | Cognitive functioning | Physical inactivity | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographics | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
Age | ||||
50–59 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
60–69 | 0.58 (0.41-0.81)** | 0.59 (0.40-0.89)* | 1.67 (1.17-2.38)** | 1.71 (1.26-2.32)*** |
70–79 | 0.43 (0.31-0.59)*** | 0.40 (0.26-0.65)*** | 2.08 (1.27-3.38)** | 2.15 (1.33-3.47)** |
80+ | 0.19 (0.10-0.38)*** | 0.20 (0.08-0.49)*** | 2.47 (1.59-3.85)*** | 2.56 (1.37-4.79)** |
Gender | ||||
Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Male | 1.52 (1.29-1.80)*** | 1.25 (0.94-1.67) | 0.78 (0.63-0.97)* | 0.79 (0.62-1.02) |
Educational level | ||||
No schooling | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | --- |
Less than primary | 1.00 (0.69-1.43) | 0.91 (0.55-1.49) | 0.99 (0.67-1.47) | |
Primary | 1.32 (0.87-1.99) | 1.15 (0.69-1.90) | 1.22 (0.82-1.82) | |
Secondary | 4.05 (2.29-7.15)*** | 2.96 (1.52-5.77)** | 1.00 (0.56-1.78) | |
Wealth | ||||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | --- |
Medium | 1.17 (0.66-2.07) | 1.19 (0.69-2.03) | 0.93 (0.56-1.55) | |
High | 2.64 (1.41-4.94)** | 2.05 (1.08-3.91)* | 1.11 (0.52-2.38) | |
Social capital | ||||
Married/cohabitating | 2.11 (1.58-2.82)*** | 1.75 (1.27-2.42)*** | 0.82 (0.64-1.00) | --- |
Social action | ||||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Medium | 1.38 (0.98-1.94) | 1.20 (0.89-1.61) | 0.59 (0.39-0.89)* | 0.64 (0.44-0.92)* |
High | 1.45 (1.01-2.09)* | 1.42 (0.92-2.19) | 0.52 (0.36-0.78)** | 0.60 (0.44-0.84)** |
Sociability | ||||
Low | 1.00 | --- | 1.00 | --- |
Medium | 1.33 (0.93-1.93) | 0.74 (0.48-1.14) | ||
High | 1.40 (0.76-2.56) | 0.75 (0.34-1.69) | ||
Trust and solidarity | ||||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | --- |
Medium | 1.72 (1.27-2.33)*** | 1.28 (0.88-1.85) | 0.82 (0.42-1.63) | |
High | 2.59 (1.62-4.16)*** | 2.13 (1.24-3.66)** | 0.54 (0.26-1.14) | |
Safety | ||||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Medium | 0.52 (0.34-0.79)** | 0.53 (0.30-0.95)* | 1.85 (1.13-3.02)* | 1.92 (1.03-3.59)* |
High | 0.69 (0.38-1.24) | 0.51 (0.23-1.13) | 1.07 (0.60-1.92) | 1.18 (0.58-2.38) |
Civic engagement | ||||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Medium | 1.89 (1.10-3.26)* | 2.40 (1.15-5.05)* | 0.43 (0.25-0.74)** | 0.50 (0.29-0.85)* |
High | 2.33 (1.28-4.24)** | 2.71 (1.27-5.78)* | 0.38 (0.22-0.65)*** | 0.50 (0.27-0.920* |
Psychological resources | ||||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Medium | 1.98 (1.42-2.76)*** | 1.63 (1.17-2.29)** | 0.62 (0.42-0.92)* | 0.64 (0.33-0.93)* |
High | 2.86 (1.77-4.62)*** | 1.97 (1.16-3.33)* | 0.38 (0.27-0.54)*** | 0.46 (0.29-0.72)*** |