Factors associated with the use of home-visit nursing services covered by the long-term care insurance in rural Japan: a cross-sectional study

Kashiwagi, Masayo; Tamiya, Nanako; Sato, Mikiya; Yano, Eiji

doi:10.1186/1471-2318-13-1

Table 2 Characteristics of study participants by use of VNS (N = 1,276)

From: Factors associated with the use of home-visit nursing services covered by the long-term care insurance in rural Japan: a cross-sectional study

	All		VNS				χ ²	p-value
			Non-use		Use
	N	%	n	%	n	%
All	1276	100	1170	91.7	106	8.3
Sex
Female	936	73.4	871	93.1	65	6.9	8.5645	0.0034**
Male	340	26.7	299	87.9	41	12.1
Age
< 65	12	1.0	11	91.7	1	8.3		0.9729	†
65–74	159	13.5	144	90.6	15	9.4
75–84	551	46.8	511	92.7	40	7.3
85≦	456	38.7	413	90.6	43	9.4
Household Income Level
Lower income level	1210	95.9	1116	92.2	94	7.8	8.6624	0.0032**¹
Income level 2	856	67.8	791	92.4	65	7.6
Income level 3	354	28.1	325	91.8	29	8.2
Higher income level(paying personal tax)	52	4.1	42	80.8	10	19.2
Income level 4	40	3.1	33	82.5	7	17.5
Income level 5	12	1.0	9	75.0	3	25.0
Care-Needs Level
Lower care-needs level	1067	83.6	1007	94.4	60	5.6		< 0.0001**²	†
Support-requested Level	305	28.6	297	97.4	8	2.6
Care-Needs Level 1	577	45.2	547	94.8	30	5.2
Care-Needs Level 2	185	14.5	163	88.1	22	11.9
Higher care-needs level	209	16.4	163	78.0	46	22.0
Care-Needs Level 3	98	7.7	83	84.7	15	15.3
Care-Needs Level 4	65	5.1	53	81.5	12	18.5
Care-Needs Level 5	46	3.6	27	58.7	19	41.3
Conditions that caused a need for LTC
Respiratory or heart disease	72	5.7	59	81.9	13	19.1	9.8439	0.0017**³
Heart disease	47	3.7	44	93.6	3	6.4
Respiratory disease	25	2.0	15	60.0	10	40.0
Others	1196	94.3	1105	92.4	91	7.6
Stroke	318	25.1	283	89.0	35	11.0
Fracture	73	5.8	72	98.6	1	1.4
Rheumatism	300	23.7	285	95.0	15	5.0
Incurable disease	38	3.0	34	89.5	4	10.5
Aging	105	8.0	92	90.2	10	9.8
Dementia	95	7.5	88	92.6	7	7.4
Others	268	21.1	249	92.9	19	7.1
Unclear	2	0.2	2	100.0	0	0.0
Regular hospital visits before entry to the LTCI
Yes	553	43.3	492	89.0	61	11.0	9.5041	0.0021**
No	723	56.7	678	93.8	45	6.2
Period of needing care
< 2 years	546	43.4	515	94.3	31	5.7		0.0035*⁴	†
< 1 year	168	13.3	160	95.2	8	4.8
1 year≦, < 2 years	378	30.1	355	93.9	23	6.1
2 years≦	712	56.6	639	89.8	73	10.2
2 years≦, < 3 years	146	11.6	133	91.1	13	8.9
3 years≦, < 5 years	213	16.9	185	86.8	28	13.2
5 years≦	353	28.1	321	90.9	32	9.1
Caregiver’s sex
Female	587	72.2	513	87.4	74	12.6	5.0630	0.0244*
Male	226	27.8	210	92.9	16	7.1
Caregiver’s Age
< 65	30	3.7	25	83.3	5	16.7		0.7008	†
65–74	399	49.3	361	90.5	38	9.5
75–84	211	26.1	181	85.8	30	14.2
85≦	169	20.9	152	89.4	17	10.1
Caregiver/applicant dyad
Wife/Husband (living with)	304	24.5	266	87.5	38	12.5	10.1729	0.0014**⁵
Others	935	75.6	872	93.3	63	6.7
Son/Daughter (living with)	178	14.4	162	91.0	16	9.0
Daughter/Son-in-law (living with)	85	6.9	76	89.4	9	10.6
Other relatives living together	16	1.3	15	93.8	1	6.3
Others	656	53.0	619	94.4	37	5.6
Clients living with family or not
Living alone	539	42.7	516	95.7	23	4.3	19.6464	< 0.0001**
Living with family	723	57.3	642	88.8	81	11.2
Corporation type of care management agency
Medical	357	28.0	316	88.5	41	11.5	6.5698	0.0104*⁶
Non-medical	919	72.0	854	92.9	65	7.1
Social	773	60.6	721	93.3	52	6.7
Others	146	11.4	133	91.1	13	8.9
Home-Help Service use
Yes	417	32.7	376	90.2	41	9.8	1.8910	0.1691
No	859	67.3	794	92.4	65	7.6

* p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01 † Wilcoxon rank sum test, other using the chi-squared test.
1 Lower income level versus Higher income level.
2 Lower care-needs level versus Higher care-needs level.
3 Respiratory or heart disease versus Others: classification utilizing the point of view of nursing care.
4 < 2 years versus 2 years≦.
5 Wife/Husband versus Others.
6 Medical versus Non-medical.

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