Skip to main content

Table 3 External variable means and significance values for each of the five groups

From: Profiles of physical, emotional and psychosocial wellbeing in the Lothian birth cohort 1936

 

Latent groups

 

Variable

High Wellbeing (n = 515)

Average Wellbeing (n = 417)

Low Wellbeing (n = 37)

Good Fitness/Low Spirits (n = 60)

Low Fitness/Good Spirits (n = 62)

P

Demographics

      

Number of males (%)

280 (54.5)

196 (47.1)

16 (48.5)

27 (45.0)

28 (45.2)

.880

Age 11 IQ

101.9 (13.9)

99.5 (14.5)

97.7 (17.4)

93.0 (18.6)

95.2 (17.6)

.001

NART (range 0-50)

35.3 (7.8)

34.1 (8.3)

34.1 (7.2)

32.1 (9.3)

32.6 (9.0)

.007

Yrs. Educ. (range 7-14 years)

10.8 (1.1)

10.7 (1.2)

10.4 (.09)

10.5 (1.2)

10.6 (1.0)

.030

Number married (%)

375 (73)

298 (71.6)

19 (51.4)

42 (70)

39 (62.9)

.001

Number living alone (%)

126 (24.5)

88 (21.2)

12 (32.4)

18 (30)

22 (35.5)

.001

Number in the professional social class (%)

104 (20.6)

63 (15.3)

6 (17.1)

9 (15.8)

8 (13.3)

.001

Personality (range 0-60)

     

Neuroticism

24.97 (5.7)

31.21 (6.4)

40.15 (6.4)

38.4 (6.7)

34.4 (7.3)

.001

Extraversion

40.88 (5.4)

38.04 (5.7)

32.13 (6.7)

36.1 (4.8)

35.90 (5.1)

.001

Openness

38.53 (5.58)

37.70 (6.06)

37.27 (5.63)

37.50 (5.52)

37.37 (6.17)

.183

Agreeableness

46.25 (5.2)

45.47 (5.2)

42.64 (4.3)

44.08 (5.0)

43.13 (5.0)

.001

Conscientiousness

48.19 (5.6)

46.27 (5.8)

44.72 (7.05)

42.94 (5.6)

41.37 (6.8)

.001

Physical function and health (range for each variable in parentheses)

 

Grip strength (4-60kg)

.05 (1.17)

-.06 (.26)

.31(3.05)

-.09 (.27)

-.11(.29)

.101

6m walk time (1.05 – 14.74m)

.16 (.7)

.05 (.90)

−1.19 (2.0)

.19 (1.4)

.85 (1.4)

.001

FEV1 (.49 – 5.13)

.11 (1.0)

-.00 (.9)

-.40 (1.0)

-.18 (1.2)

-.47 (1.0)

.001

FVC (1.13– 6.93)

.10 (1.0)

.03 (1.0)

-.33 (.9)

-.35 (1.0)

-.52 (.9)

.001

BMI (16.02 - 48.52)

27.61 (4.1)

27.75 (4.5)

29.35 (5.3)

27.76 (4.8)

28.98 (5.2)

.044

Units of alcohol/week (0-140)

10.80 (12.9)

11.07 (15.7)

9.19 (17.5)

9.08 (9.4)

9.19 (17.5)

.080

Number of current smokers (%)

61 (11.9)

52 (12.5)

9 (24.3)

7 (11.7)

17 (27.4)

.001

APOE e4 present (%)

158 (32.8)

106 (22.9)

10 (33)

15 (27.8)

17 (27.4)

.421

Disease (range in parentheses)

    

Number with high blood pressure (%)

187 (36.4)

172 (41.3)

20 (54.1)

17 (28.3)

35 (56.5)

.002

Number with diabetes (%)

27 (5.3)

34 (8.2)

13 (35.1)

4 (6.7)

13 (21)

.001

Number with CVD (%)

108 (21)

99 (23.8)

19 (51.4)

18 (70)

23 (37.1)

.001

Number with blood circulation problems (%)

68 (13.2)

58 (14)

7 (18.9)

7 (11.7)

7 (18.9)

.082

Number with history of stroke (%)

16 (3.1)

22 (5.3)

4 (10.8)

6 (10)

6 (9.7)

.024

Total number of medications (0-8)

2.52 (2.30)

2.99 (2.41)

5.43 (2.62)

3.18 (2.81)

4.82 (2.80)

.001

Total medical conditions (0-8)

2.76 (1.6)

3.37 (1.7)

5.17 (1.9)

3.07 (1.7)

4.42 (1.7)

.001

Cognition (range in SD units in parentheses)

   

g (2.51-2.11)

.13 (.7)

-.04 (.7)

-.45 (.8)

-.23 (.7)

-.24 (.7)

.001

Memory (-2.78-1.78)

.07 (.79)

-.02 (.82)

-.05 (.84)

-.21 (.92)

-.04(.82)

.093

Speed (-3.00 – 1.86)

-.04 (.5)

-.01 (.6)

-.26 (.7)

.17 (.6)

-.14 (.4)

.002

  1. Standard deviations in parentheses.
  2. Note. IQ =Intelligence Quotient. NART = National Adult Reading Test. Yrs Edu = Total number of years in formal education.
  3. FEV1 = Forced expiatory volume in 1 second. FVC = Forced vital capacity. BMI = Body Mass Index. APOE e4 = Apolipoprotein E allele e4. CVD = cardiovascular disease. No adjustments for multiple testing were made.