Table 2 Baseline Characteristics of the Participants, Total Patient Number = 117
From: A pilot randomized controlled trial to improve geriatric frailty
Characteristics | EN (N = 55) | Non-EN (N = 62) | P-value‡ | PST (N = 57) | Non-PST (N = 60) | P-value‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) mean ± sd†| n (%) mean ± sd†| n (%) mean ± sd†| n (%) mean ± sd†| |||
Frailty-Related Characteristics | ||||||
CCSHA_CFS TV | ||||||
 well, with treated co-morbid diseases (3) | 24 (44) | 23 (37 ) | 0.719 | 24 (42) | 23 (38) | 0.755 |
 apparently vulnerable (4) | 25 (45) | 30 (48) | 27 (47) | 28 (7) | ||
 mildly frail (5) + moderately frail (6) | 6 (11) | 9 (15) | 6 (11) | 9 (15) | ||
CHS_PCF categorization | ||||||
 pre-frail (1–2) | 46 (84) | 56 (90) | 0.280 | 48 (84) | 54 (90) | 0.349 |
 frail (3–5) | 9 (16) | 6 (10) | 9 (16 ) | 6 (10 ) | ||
CHS_PCF characteristics | ||||||
 Weight loss (yes) | 18 (33) | 12 (19) | 0.098 | 12 (21 ) | 18 (3) | 0.268 |
 Exhaustion (yes) | 25 (45 ) | 23 (37) | 0.359 | 22 (39) | 26(43) | 0.603 |
 Low activity level (yes) | 3 (5) | 6 (10) | 0.498 | 5(9) | 4(7) | 0.739 |
 Slowness (yes) | 10(18) | 12(9) | 0.871 | 15 (26) | 7 (12) | 0.043 |
 Weakness (yes) | 33 (60) | 50 (81) | 0.014 | 42 (74) | 41 (68) | 0.524 |
Demographics | ||||||
Age (y/o) | 70.9 ± 3.7 | 71.9 ± 3.7 | 0.158 | 71.5 ±3.7 | 71.3 ± 3.9 | 0.673 |
Female sex | 33(60) | 36(58) | 0.832 | 33(58) | 36 (60) | 0.817 |
Health-Related Characteristics | ||||||
Number of chronic conditions§(N = 114) | 4.0 ± 2.1 | 3.1 ± 2.2 | 0.022 | 3.8 ± 2.4 | 3.2 ± 1.9 | 0.184 |
MMSE | 24.8 ± 3.9 | 24.1 ± 3.9 | 0.358 | 24.7 ± 3.8 | 24.2 ± 4.0 | 0.552 |
PRIME-MD | 2.1 ± 3.2 | 2.8 ± 3.5 | 0.229 | 2.7 ± 3.3 | 2.3 ± 3.4 | 0.469 |
Barthel Index | 98.8 ± 3.7 | 97.9 ± 5.4 | 0.284 | 98.2 ± 5.4 | 98.4 ± 4.0 | 0.846 |
EQ-5D | 0.94 ± 0.08 | 0.94 ± 0.08 | 0.969 | 0.95 ± 0.08 | 0.93 ± 0.08 | 0.246 |
Healthcare-resource utilization | 1.5 ± 1.7 | 1.7 ± 2.2 | 0.517 | 1.6 ± 1.7 | 1.7 ± 2.2 | 0.846 |
Body Composition, and Musculoskeletal System Characteristics | ||||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.0 ± 3.3 | 25.8 ± 3.9 | 0.229 | 25.0 ± 3.8 | 25.8 ± 3.5 | 0.251 |
FFM (kg) | 42.3 ± 7.0 | 43.6 ± 7. 9 | 0.345 | 42.2 ± 7.3 | 43.7 ± 7.6 | 0.275 |
Compres sion Fracture form Spine XRAY | 53 (96) | 58 (94) | 0.683 | 54 (95) | 57 (95) | 1.000 |
BMD (T-score)∥ (N = 115) | ||||||
> −1 | 13 (25) | 10(16) | 0.262 | 13 (23) | 10(17) | 0.401 |
≦ −1 | 40 (75) | 52 (84) | 43 (77) | 49 (83) | ||
Left one leg stand time (sec) (N = 111) | 5.7 ± 6.9 | 5.8 ± 5.9 | 0.949 | 5.3 ± 6.7 | 6.2 ± 6.0 | 0.483 |
Dominant leg extension power (kg) | 26.3 ± 5.1 | 25.2 ± 6.8 | 0.295 | 23.9 ± 6.5 | 27.4 ± 5.1 | 0.002 |
Blood Examination | ||||||
25(OH) Vitamin D (ng/mL) (N = 109) | 17.8 ± 5.3 | 17.2 ± 6.2 | 0.558 | 17.9 ± 5.5 | 17.2 ± 6.0 | 0.514 |