Table 1 The modified Cardiovascular Health Study_ Phenotypic Classification of Frailty (CHS_PCF) criteria
From: A pilot randomized controlled trial to improve geriatric frailty
Characteristics | Definition |
|---|---|
Weight loss | Unintentional weight loss of more than 3 kg, or greater than 5% of body weight of the previous year |
Exhaustion | Based on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Self-report of either of: “I felt that everything I did was an effort” and “I could not get going.” were at least occasionally or more frequent |
Low activity level | Based on the Taiwan International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Weekly energy expenditure for activities ≧ 2 metabolic equivalent tasks (METs) of fewer than 383 kcal for men and 270 kcal for women |
Slowness | Five-meter walking time, by gender and height: |
Men: time ≧7 s for height ≦ 173 cm or time ≧ 6 s for height > 173 cm | |
Women: time ≧ 7 s for height ≦ 159 cm or time ≧ 6 s for height > 159 cm | |
Weakness | Grip strength (kg), 3 measurements of the dominant hand from a dynamometer (North Coast Medical Precision Instrument, NC70142), stratified by gender and body mass index (BMI) quartiles: |
Men: ≦ 29 kg for BMI ≦ 24 kg/m2, ≦30 kg for BMI 24.1-26 kg/m2, ≦30 kg for BMI 26.1-28 kg/m2, ≦32 kg for BMI > 28 kg/m2 | |
Women: ≦ 17 kg for BMI ≦ 23 kg/m2, ≦ 17.3 kg for BMI 23.1-26 kg/m2, ≦18 kg for BMI 26.1-29 kg/m2, ≦21 kg for BMI > 29 kg/m2 | |
Overall frailty status | Robust: 0 indicator was present. Pre-frail: 1 or 2 indicators were present. Frail: ≧ 3 indicators were present |