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Table 1 Definition and distribution of health behavioural model (HBM) covariates

From: Older adults’ home- and community-based care service use and residential transitions: a longitudinal study

HBM variables

Operational definitions

Mean (SD, Range)

Residential transition groups (N, Mean/Percentage)

LSOAII N=3085

  

CCC N=2589

CIC N=69

CCI N=283

CII N=144

Predisposing Factors

      

Age

Years of age

76.40 (5.60, 69–97)

75.86 (N=2589)

77.88 (N=69)

78.9 (N=283)

80.48 (N=144)

Education

Years of education

11.04 (3.48, 0–18)

11.11 (N=2550)

11.35 (N=68)

10.77 (N=280)

10.17 (N=140)

Gender

Female

N = 2164 (70.1%)

N = 1785 (68.9%)

N = 52 (75.4%)

N = 209 (73.9%)

N = 118 (81.9%)

 

Male

N = 921 (29.9%)

N = 804 (31.1%)

N = 17 (24.6%)

N = 74 (26.1%)

N = 26 (18.1%)

Racial

White

N = 2670 (87.1%)

N = 2226 (86.0%)

N = 63 (91.3%)

N = 251 (88.7%)

N = 130 (90.3%)

 

Black

N = 328 (10.7%)

N = 284 (11.0%)

N = 6 (8.7%)

N = 26 (9.2%)

N = 12 (8.3%)

 

Indian (American)

N = 13 (0.4%)

N = 12 (0.5%)

 

N = 1 (0.4%)

 
 

Chinese

N = 9 (0.3%)

N = 7 (0.3%)

 

N = 2 (0.7%)

 
 

Filipino

N = 10 (0.3%)

N = 9 (0.3%)

 

N = 1 (0.4%)

 
 

Japanese

N = 6 (0.2%)

N = 6 (0.2%)

   
 

Asian Indian

N = 3 (0.1%)

N = 3 (0.1%)

   
 

Guamanian

N = 1 (0.03%)

N = 1 (0.0%)

   
 

Other Race

N = 19 (0.6%)

N = 17 (0.7%)

 

N = 1 (0.4%)

N = 1 (0.7%)

 

Multiple Race

N = 5 (0.2%)

N = 5 (0.2%)

   

Marital status

Married

N = 1478 (47.9%)

N = 1300 (50.20%)

N = 28 (40.50%)

N = 103 (36.40%)

N = 47 (32.70%)

Self-rated health

Poor

N =284 (9.2%)

N = 228 (8.8%)

N = 9 (13.0%)

N = 25 (8.8%)

N = 22 (15.3%)

 

Fair

N =726 (23.6%)

N = 600 (23.2%)

N = 16 (23.2%)

N = 71 (23.2%)

N = 39 (23.2%)

 

Good

N =1131 (36.8%)

N = 948 (36.6%)

N = 30 (43.5%)

N = 104 (36.7%)

N = 49 (34.0%)

 

Excellent

N =294 (9.6%)

N = 256 (9.9%)

N = 2 (2.9%)

N = 31 (11.0%)

N = 5 (3.5%)

Enabling Factors

      

Household size

No. living in the same household

1.82 (0.96, 1–11)

1.85 (N=2589)

1.90 (N=69)

1.70 (N=283)

1.65 (N=144)

Family income

Higher scores indicate higher income (0 = less than $1,000; 26 = $50,000+)

16.11 (6.74, 0–26)

16.33 (N=2085)

16.94 (N=48)

14.93 (N=228)

13.85 (N=103)

Need Factors

      

Nagi’s Functional limitations

No. of functional activities (e.g., climbing stairs, bending, lifting) unable to performa (0–10)

3.37 (2.40, 0–10)

3.22 (N=2589)

4.29 (N=69)

3.70 (N=283)

4.85 (N=144)

IADL disabilities

No. of IADLs unable to performc (0–8)

1.06 (1.72, 0–8)

0.92 (N=2587)

1.70 (N=69)

1.46 (N=283)

2.64 (N=144)

Hospital patient (T2)

Been a hospital patient overnight between T1 and T2

N=1832 (59.4%)

N = 1636 (63.2%)

N = 7 (10.1%)

N = 155 (54.8%)

N = 34 (23.6%)

Hospital patient (T3)

Been a hospital patient overnight between T2 and T3

N=1696 (55.0%)

N = 1567 (60.5%)

N = 33 (47.8%)

N = 47 (16.6%)

N = 49 (34.0%)

Difficulty with elders’ house (0-4)

N of Difficulty with elders’ house

 

1.41 (N=2589)

2.10 (N=69)

7.28 (N=283)

12.52 (N=144)

Unmet need in ADL (0-7)

N of ADLs needs more help

 

0.07 (N=2584)

0.03 (N=68)

0.18 (N=282)

0.34 (N=144)

Unmet need in IADL (0-8)

Number of IADL needs more help

 

0.13 (N=2584)

0.09 (N=68)

0.19 (N=282)

0.35 (N=144)

  1. Note. All data from The Second Longitudinal Study of Aging—The Second Supplement on Aging: 1994 (Version 2, No. 1, September 1998) [Data file]. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/otheract/aging/lsoa2.htm.
  2. a From “An epidemiology of disability among adults in the United States,” by Nagi, 1976, Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 54 (4), pp. 439–476. bFrom “Index of ADL ,” by Katz and Akpom, 1976,Medical Care, pp. 116–118. cFrom “Assessment of older people; self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living,” by Lawton and Brody, 1969, The Gerontologist,9, pp. 179–186.