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Table 1 Characteristics of 2002 Health and Retirement Study restless legs syndrome module (Nā€‰=ā€‰1,008)

From: Restless legs syndrome and functional limitations among American elders in the Health and Retirement Study

Variable

Included (nā€‰=ā€‰1008)

(%*)

RLS (nā€‰=ā€‰104)

(%*)

No RLS (nā€‰=ā€‰904)

(%*)

Age

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒAge 54ā€“64 y

374

46.6

43

52.5

331

45.9

ā€ƒAge 65ā€“79 y

482

40.2

49

37.0

433

40.6

ā€ƒAge 80 y or older

152

13.2

12

10.5

140

13.5

Gender ā€”

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒMale

430

44.4

26

29.2

404

46.2

ā€ƒFemale

578

55.6

78

70.8

500

53.8

Self-reported Race / Ethnicity

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒWhite, Non-Hispanic

795

84.3

82

86.3

713

84.1

ā€ƒBlack, Non-Hispanic

138

8.8

17

8.0

121

8.9

ā€ƒOther

75

6.9

5

5.6

70

7.0

Education ā€ 

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒLess than High School

218

17.4

31

23.2

187

16.7

ā€ƒHigh School / Equivalent

386

37.8

45

46.0

341

36.8

ā€ƒSome College

205

22.5

17

18.3

188

23.0

ā€ƒCollege Graduate

199

22.3

11

12.5

188

23.5

Income ā€”

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒLess than $17,600

256

22.5

41

32.7

215

21.3

ā€ƒ$17,000 - $33,175

249

21.5

34

30.8

215

20.5

ā€ƒ$33,176 - $63,079

259

25.7

15

15.0

244

27.0

ā€ƒ$63,080+

244

30.2

14

22.0

230

31.2

Currently Employed ā€”

354

41.7

20

24.8

334

43.8

Health Limits Ability to Work ā€”

289

25.8

71

68.8

218

20.8

Doctor Visits (In previous 2 y) ā€ 

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒ0-3 Doctor Visits

294

30.6

25

22.1

269

31.6

ā€ƒ4-7 Doctor Visits

270

26.4

17

18.9

253

27.3

ā€ƒ8-11 Doctor Visits

181

17.5

22

24.9

159

16.7

ā€ƒ12 or More Doctor Visits

263

25.4

40

34.1

223

24.4

Hospitalized (In previous 2 y) ā€ 

260

23.0

36

34.0

224

21.8

Self-Report of No Medical Plan

69

7.4

11

11.5

58

6.9

BMI ā€ 

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒ< 25.0

345

35.1

25

21.9

336

38.5

ā€ƒ25.0-29.9

418

42.0

44

44.0

358

39.9

ā€ƒ30.0 or greater

245

23.0

35

34.0

210

21.6

Smoking Status

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒNever Smoker

403

40.0

38

34.0

365

40.8

ā€ƒFormer Smoker

456

45.3

46

49.1

410

44.8

ā€ƒCurrent Smoker

149

14.7

20

16.9

129

14.4

Alcohol Consumption ā€”

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒNon-drinker

525

48.6

77

70.5

448

46.0

ā€ƒCurrent Consumption

483

51.4

27

29.6

456

54.0

Vigorous Activity (3 times per week) ā€ 

427

44.4

34

34.5

393

45.6

Falls (In previous 2 y) ā€”

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒNone

824

83.9

74

74.6

750

85.1

ā€ƒOnce

103

9.3

12

10.3

91

9.1

ā€ƒ2 or More Times

81

6.8

18

15.1

63

5.8

Self-Reported Health ā€”

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒVery Good / Excellent

417

43.8

17

16.0

400

47.1

ā€ƒGood

342

35.3

28

34.3

314

35.4

ā€ƒFair / Poor

249

20.9

59

49.6

190

17.5

Self-Reported Pain ā€”

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒNone

733

73.9

28

29.8

705

79.1

ā€ƒMild-Moderate

111

10.4

20

16.9

91

9.6

ā€ƒSevere

164

15.7

56

53.3

108

11.3

Self-Reported Medical Conditions

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒHypertension ā€ 

520

48.9

66

60.5

454

47.5

ā€ƒDiabetes ā€”

164

15.7

32

31.9

132

13.8

ā€ƒCancer

134

12.7

14

10.6

120

13.0

ā€ƒLung Disease ā€”

82

7.3

21

17.6

61

6.1

ā€ƒHeart Disease ā€”

241

21.6

40

38.2

201

19.6

ā€ƒStroke

63

5.2

8

6.9

55

5.0

ā€ƒPsychiatric Disease ā€”

128

13.2

33

34.1

95

10.7

ā€ƒArthritis ā€”

592

54.5

87

83.1

505

51.1

Self-Reported Chronic Medications ā€”

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒNone

314

33.8

15

15.0

299

36.1

ā€ƒOne Chronic Medication

330

33.5

18

20.4

312

35.0

ā€ƒTwo Chronic Medications

214

19.0

26

22.2

188

18.6

ā€ƒThree or More Chronic Medications

150

13.7

45

42.4

105

10.3

Depressive Symptoms (CES-Dā€‰ā‰„ā€‰2) ā€”

219

19.8

57

46.6

162

16.6

ADL Limitation (ā‰„ 1 impairment) ā€”

136

12.4

40

39.2

96

9.2

IADL Limitation (ā‰„ 1 impairment) ā€”

97

8.6

34

30.6

63

6.0

Mobility Limitation (ā‰„ 1 impairment) ā€”

454

41.3

91

87.6

363

35.8

Large Muscle Limitation (ā‰„ 1 impairment) ā€”

611

56.7

98

95.1

513

52.2

Gross Motor Limitation (ā‰„ 1 impairment) ā€”

222

20.1

61

56.1

161

15.8

Fine Motor Limitation (ā‰„ 1 impairment) ā€”

112

10.1

26

28.7

86

7.9

  1. Abbreviations: yā€‰=ā€‰Years; ADLā€‰=ā€‰Activities of Daily Living; IADLā€‰=ā€‰Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; BMIā€‰=ā€‰Body Mass Index; CES-Dā€‰=ā€‰Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.
  2. * Percentage based on sampling weight to reflect U.S. population aged 54 or older at baseline, reflected in the underlying Health and Retirement Study cohort.
  3. ā€  Ļ‡2 test for association in all nominal variables and test for trend in all ordinal variables, pā€‰<ā€‰0.05; ā€” pā€‰<ā€‰0.001.