Table 1 Characteristics of the MUNS Cohort Stratified by ED Visits within Six Months after Baseline Interview
Characteristics | No ED visit (n = 444) | Any ED visit (n = 86) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
PREDISPOSING FACTORS | Â | Â | Â |
Age, mean (SD) [range] | 79.9 (4.0) [75-96] | 79.5 (4.0) [75-89] | 0.39 |
Civil status, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
   Married | 89 (20.1) | 13 (15.1) |  |
   Widowed | 264 (59.5) | 53 (61.3) |  |
   Other | 91 (20.5) | 20 (23.3) | 0.54 |
Education, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
   Did not complete high school | 190 (42.8) | 44 (51.2) |  |
   High school graduate | 105 (23.7) | 16 (18.6) |  |
   Any post-secondary education | 149 (33.6) | 26 (30.2) | 0.34 |
Transformed psychological distress, | Â | Â | Â |
mean (SD) [range] | -1.9 (1.3) [(-4.6)-0.8] | -1.4 (1.2) [(-4.6)-2.7] | < 0.001 |
Mastery, mean (SD) [range] | 20.8 (3.6) [9-28] | 20.1 (3.8) [10-28] | 0.13 |
ENABLING FACTORS | Â | Â | Â |
Dissatisfied with social support, n (%) | 67 (15.1) | 14 (16.3) | 0.78 |
Residence, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
   Private dwelling | 334 (75.2) | 66 (76.7) |  |
   Seniors' residence | 75 (16.9) | 6 (7.0) |  |
   Rented room or subsidized housing | 35 (7.9) | 14 (16.3) | 0.006 |
Low income, n (%) | 156 (35.7) | 46 (54.8) | 0.001 |
   Missing | 7 | 2 |  |
NEED FACTORS Disabled in any IADL and/or PADL | 312 (70.2) | 76 (88.4) | < 0.001 |
   IADL unmet need, n (%) |  |  |  |
No IADL unmet needs | 347 (78.1) | 46 (53.5) | Â |
1 IADL unmet need | 72 (16.2) | 28 (32.6) | Â |
2+ IADL unmet needs | 25 (5.6) | 12 (14.0) | < 0.001 |
   IADL met need, n (%) |  |  |  |
No IADL met needs | 220 (49.5) | 44 (51.1) | Â |
1 IADL met need | 154 (34.7) | 32 (37.2) | Â |
2+ IADL met needs | 70 (15.8) | 10 (11.6) | 0.61 |
   Any PADL unmet need, n (%) | 35 (7.9) | 12 (14.0) | 0.07 |
   Any PADL met need, n (%) | 14 (3.2) | 8 (9.3) | 0.009 |
Risk for malnutrition, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
   Low risk | 177 (39.9) | 19 (22.1) |  |
   Moderate | 214 (48.2) | 44 (51.2) |  |
   High risk | 53 (11.9) | 23 (26.7) | < 0.001 |
Poor self-rated health, n (%) | 99 (22.3) | 38 (44.2) | < 0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m 2 ), n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
   < 25.0 | 256 (57.6) | 22 (48.8) |  |
   25.0 < 30.0 | 141 (31.8) | 27 (31.4) |  |
   30.0+ | 47 (10.6) | 17 (19.8) | 0.05 |
Chronic Disease Score, mean (SD) [range] | 5.8 (5.0) 0 [1-23] | 7.0 (4.9) 0 [1-23] | 0.05 |
Any ED visit within 6 months prior to baseline interview, n (%) | 51 (11.5) | 20 (23.3) | 0.003 |
Any hospitalization within 6 months prior to baseline interview, n (%) | 38 (8.6) | 7 (8.1) | 0.90 |