Table 1 Prevalence* of Inappropriate Medication Use (IMU), characteristics of studies (1990-2010)
From: Inappropriate medication use among the elderly: a systematic review of administrative databases
Reference/Year | Country/Cohort** | Population characteristics Sample(N); Sex (% Males); Age (years) | Criteria# | Prevalence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Lai et al., 2009 [21] | Taiwan/NHIRD | N = 2 133 864 elderly Age: ≥ 65 | Beers 2002 (excluded drug-disease interaction, short-acting bzd, medications not marketed in Taiwan, not reimbursed by NHI and classified as second-degree controlled substances) | 62.5% |
Fick et al., 2008 [35] | USA/Southeast Managed Care Organization | N = 16 877 elderly Males:39% *** Age: ≥ 65/mean = 73.3(SD = 6.47) | Beers 2002 (do not use, excluded oxybutinin, dose) | 40.7%§ |
Pugh et al., 2008 [26] | USA/VA | N = 850 154 elderly Males: 98% Age: ≥ 65 | Zhan | 26.2% |
Bierman et al., 2007 [27] | USA/VA | N = 965 756 elderly Males: 98%*** Age: ≥ 65 years | Zhan | 23% (men); 26.7% (women) |
Roughead et al., 2007 [23] | Australia/VA | N = 192 363 elderly Males: 52.6% Age: ≥ 70/mean = 81.7(SD = 4.8) | Beers 2002/McLeod (do not use) | 21.2%§ |
Barnett et al., 2006 [28] | USA/VA | N = 123 633 elderly Males:97.3% Age: ≥ 65/mean = 74.7(SD = 5.8) | Zhan | 21.3%§§ |
Maio et al., 2006 [22] | Italy/Emilia Romagna outpatient prescriptions claims database | N = 849 425 elderly Males: 41.1%*** Age: ≥ 65/mean = 75.6(SD = 7.5) | Beers 2002 (do not use; excluded medications not marketed in Italy or not reimbursed by the Italian National Formulary) | 18% |
Pugh et al., 2006 [30] | USA/NPCD/VA/Large Health Survey of Veterans | N = 1 096 361 elderly Males: 98%*** Age: ≥ 65 | HEDIS 2006 | 19.6% |
Zuckerman et al., 2006 [34] | USA/MarketScan Medicare Supplemental and Coordination of Benefits | N = 487 383 elderly Males: 55.5% Age: ≥ 65/mean = 73.8(SD = nr) | Beers 2002 | 41.9% |
Pugh et al., 2005 [24] | USA/VA | N = 1 265 434 elderly Males: 98% Age: ≥ 65/mean = 73.5(SD = 5.6) | Beers 1997 (dose)/Zhan | 23% |
Rigler et al., 2005 [36] | USA/Kansas Medicaid beneficiaries | N = 1 163 elderly Males: 30.5% Age: ≥ 60 | Beers 1997 (do not use) | 21% |
Simon et al., 2005 [29] | USA/10 HMOs | N = 157 517 elderly Males: 43.5% Age: ≥ 65 | Zhan | 28.8% (95% CI 28.6-29.1) §§ |
Curtis et al., 2004 [37] | USA/Advanced PCS | N = 765 423 elderly Males: 41.7%*** Age: ≥ 65/mean = 73.7(SD = 6.5) | Beers 1997 (do not use) | 21.2% |
Howard et al., 2004 [25] | Canada/OCB/RPDB | N = 777 elderly Males: 37.5% Age: ≥ 65/mean = 74.1(SD = 6.0) | Beers 1991/Beers 1997 (included bzd with > 30 days supply and > 1 bzd or NSAID simultaneously) | 16.3% |
Rigler et al., 2004 [39] | USA/Kansas Medicaid beneficiaries | N = 1 163 elderly Males: 30.5% Age: ≥ 65 | Beers 1997 (do not use) | 21% |
Fick et al., 2001 [33] | USA/Southeastern HMO | N = 2 336 elderly Males: 40.2%*** Age: ≥ 65 | Beers 1997(do not use) | 24.2% |
Mott & Meek, 2000 [38] | USA/Database of ambulatory pharmacies of a Midwestern state | N = 1 185 elderly Males:35.7%*** Age: range 65-97/mean = 74.9(SD = 7.06) | Beers 1997 (do not use) | 14.3% |
Piecoro et al., 2000 [31] | USA/Kentucky Medicaid Recipients | N = 44 259 elderly Age: ≥ 65 | Beers 1997 (do not use, excluded antihistamines) | 24.4% |
Futterman et al., 1997 [32] | USA/HMO Medicare plan/PBM | N = 10 076 elderly Age: ≥ 65 | Beers 1991 | 11.53% (1994); 12.8% (1993) |