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Table 1 Sample characteristics of the published randomized controlled trials (RCT) non-randomized controlled trials (NRCT) and uncontrolled trials (UCT) of cognitive training interventions in mild cognitive impairment (MCI)

From: Cognitive and memory training in adults at risk of dementia: A Systematic Review

Citation

Study Design

Type of Training

MCI Sample size (n)

Age (yrs)

Gender (% male)

MMSE (0-30)

Criteria for diagnosis of MCI

Exclusion of co-morbidities

Rapp et al 2002

RCT

Memory strategies

Total n = 19

   

Petersen (1999)

not reported

   

Treatment n = 9

73.3 (6.6)

11%

28 (1.5)

  
   

Control n = 10

75.1 (7.03)

70%

27.3 (1.8)

  

Gunther et al 2003

UCT

Cognitive exercise

n = 19

75-91

21

not reported

Age Associated Memory Impairment, no Dementia, subjective & objective memory complaint,

not reported

Olazaran et al 2004

RCT

Cognitive exercise

Total n = 12

 

35%*

 

Flicker (1991)

Physical condition precluding full participation. Illiteracy.

   

Treatment n = 8

75.3 (1.05)*

 

17.2 (3.6)

Neuro-imaging studies

 
   

Control n = 4

73.3 (1.05)*

 

21.7 (5.9)

  

Belleville et al 2006

NRCT

Memory strategies

Total n = 28

   

Petersen (2001)

Alzheimer's Disease, alcoholism or "toxicomania", presence of history of psychiatric or neurological disorder, general anaesthesia in the last 6 months

   

Treatment n = 20

62.3 (7.3)

not reported

28.9 (1.2)

  
   

Control = 8

not reported

not reported

not reported

  

Cipriani et al 2006

UCT

Cognitive exercise

n = 10

70.6 (6.0)

not reported

28.0 (1.4)

not reported

not reported

Rozzini et al 2007

RCT

Cognitive exercise

Total n = 59

63-7 **

not reported

 

Petersen (2001)

Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) > 5

   

Treatment CT & ChEI n = 15

  

26.0 (1.6)

Neuro-imaging studies

Probable or possible Alzheimer Disease, Drug or alcohol abuse or dependence according to DSM-IV criteria, poorly controlled diabetes or other medical condition incompatible with treatment, Previous treatment with ChEIs, Intake of antidepressants during the period of study.

   

Control I ChEI n = 22

  

26.4 (1.9)

  
   

Control II n = 22

  

26.8 (1.8)

  

Talassi et al 2007

NRCT

Cognitive exercise

Total n = 37

   

Petersen (1997)

not reported

   

Treatment n = 30

76.2 (7.3)

not reported

27.5 (1.4)

  
   

Control n = 7

76.1 (7.0)

not reported

26.9(1.9)

  

Wenisch et al 2007

NRCT

Memory strategies

Total = 24

73.0 (5.5)

33.3

28.1 (.9)

Petersen (2001)

Illiteracy, physical condition preventing full participation, prior cognitive stimulation therapy

   

Treatment n = 12

     
   

Control n = 12 Healthy

     

Troyer et al 2008

RCT

Memory strategies

Total n = 50

   

Petersen (2004)

not reported

   

Treatment n = 24

76.0 (5.6)

45%

27.2(1.9)

  
   

Control n = 26

74.8 (7.7)

45%

28.5(1.0)

  

Barnes et al 2009

RCT

Cognitive exercise

Total n = 47

   

Winbald (2004)

Cerebrovascular disease, starting treatment with ChEIs

   

Treatment n = 22

74.1 (8.7)

59.1%

not reported

  
   

Control n = 25

74.8 (7.2)

60%

not reported

  
  1. Values reported as mean (±SD).
  2. *Data given for entire sample of MCI and AD.
  3. ** Age range given for entire sample
  4. MMSE: Mini Mental Status Examination
  5. ChEI: Cholinesterase Inhibitor
  6. DSM IV: Diagnostic Manual 4th Edition