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Table 1 Adjusted odds ratios from the multivariable logistic regression models predicting meaningful declines in ADL, IADL, and mobility abilities among the 5,656 Survey on Assets and Health Dynamics among the Oldest Old (AHEAD) participants with complete data

From: Long-term declines in ADLs, IADLs, and mobility among older Medicare beneficiaries

Independent Variables

Decline in

ADL Abilities

Decline in

IADL Abilities

Decline in

Mobility Abilities

Baseline Function

   

ADL Count

0.782***

  

IADL Count

 

0.690***

 

Mobility Count

  

0.370***

Exposure Adjustments

   

Centered Years Between Interviews

1.194***

1.224***

1.149***

Centered Years Between Interviews Squared

1.013***

1.008*

0.995

Respondent Status Adjustments

   

T1Self--T2Proxya

6.101***

18.620***

4.151***

T1Proxy--T2Selfa

0.170***

0.512

0.637

T1Proxy--T2Proxya

4.343***

7.165***

2.743***

Respondent Status with Baseline Function Interaction Terms

   

Baseline Function with T1Self--T2Proxy

0.850

0.570***

0.721***

Baseline Function with T1Proxy--T2Self

1.372

0.979

0.746

Baseline Function with T1Proxy--T2Proxy

0.772*

0.687**

0.736*

Health Lifestyles

   

Engages in Vigorous Activity

0.767***

0.637***

0.634***

Obeseb

0.989

1.128

1.441***

Underweightb

0.940

1.061

0.820

Current Cigarette Smokerc

0.788

1.185

1.792***

Former Cigarette Smokerc

0.951

1.077

1.059

≤ 1 Alcoholic Drink Daily

0.897

0.839

0.778*

Continuity of Care

   

Daily After Baselined

0.819

0.837

0.891

Never After Baselined

1.017

1.023

1.058

Post-Baseline Hospitalizations

   

Nonee

0.481***

0.362***

0.391***

0.01 to 0.23 Annuallye

0.581***

0.465***

0.545***

0.24 to 0.50 Annuallye

0.669***

0.708***

0.867

Managed Care Status

   

Ever In Managed Care

0.975

1.131

1.165

Terminal Drop

   

Died within 1 Yearf

1.698***

3.105***

1.635***

Died after 1 Yearf

1.221

2.475***

1.214

Model Fit Statistics

   

Area Under the Curve (C statistic)

0.767

0.849

0.817

  1. Adjusted for age, sex, race, marital status, education, income, a set of 10 binary indicators for whether the participant had ever been told by a physician that she had particular diseases, a binary indicator of 3 or more of the diseases tapping comorbidity, vision, hearing, and post-baseline primary care physician visits.
  2. * = p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001
  3. aReference category is T1Self--T2Self.
  4. bReference category is normal weight or overweight.
  5. cReference category is never having smoked cigarettes.
  6. dReference category is continuity of care for 1-99% of days post-baseline.
  7. eReference category is ≥ 0.51 annual hospital episodes.
  8. fReference category is surviving to the end of the follow-up period.