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Table 5 Shared frailties Cox regression model: Hazard Ratio (HR) of mortality up180 days after hospital admission.

From: Early and late mortality in elderly patients after hip fracture: a cohort study using administrative health databases in the Lazio region, Italy

Variables

Characteristics

Adjusted

HR*

95%CI

Age (vs. 65-74)

75-84

1.94

1.41

2.66

 

85+

3.51

2.56

4.83

Gender (vs. Females)

Males

1.57

1.29

1.90

Marital Status (vs. Married)

Not married

0.99

0.83

1.18

Years of education (vs. ≤ 8 years)

> 8 years

0.89

0.67

1.17

Type of fracture (vs. Neck of femur)

Fracture of other and unspecified parts of femur

0.83

0.59

1.17

Elapsed time from admission to surgery and time after surgery (vs. No surgery)

Surgery within 2 days and time after surgery ≤ 2 days

NE

-

-

 

Surgery within 2 days and time after surgery > 2 days

0.80

0.59

1.08

 

Surgery after 2 days and time after surgery ≤ 2 days

NE

-

-

 

Surgery after 2 days and time after surgery > 2 days

0.62

0.49

0.77

Hospital annual surgery for hip fracture volume [vs. Low (≤ 45)]

Medium (46-200)

1.06

0.75

1.49

 

High (> 200)

1.04

0.71

1.51

Rehabilitation care access (vs. No)

Yes

0.93

0.78

1.10

Comorbid condition (vs. No comorbidity)

Heart failure

1.41

0.97

2.07

 

Cerebrovascular disease

1.07

0.78

1.47

 

Chronic pulmonary disease

1.19

0.90

1.58

 

Diabetes

1.16

0.90

1.50

 

Renal disease

1.41

0.97

2.07

 

Dementia

1.85

1.28

2.69

 

Other

1.69

1.19

2.40

  1. Lazio Region, Italy, 2006-2007
  2. *Theta < 0.05: p-value of LR test comparing Cox frailty model to standard Cox; NE: not estimable