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Table 4 One-year death and hospitalization: Absolute and relative frailty definitions, Risk Ratios (95%Confidence Intervals)

From: Operationalizing frailty among older residents of assisted living facilities

Death

Base model

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Model 5

Model 6

Female sex

0.55 (0.40-0.74)

0.58 (0.43-0.79)

0.56 (0.42-0.75)

0.59 (0.44-0.80)

0.54 (0.40-0.73)

0.57 (0.42-0.78)

Age (per year)

1.06 (1.04-1.09)

1.07 (1.04-1.09)

1.06 (1.03-1.08)

1.06 (1.04-1.08)

1.06 (1.03-1.08)

1.06 (1.04-1.09)

Co-morbidity (per index unit increase)

-

1.10 (1.03-1.17)

-

1.07 (1.00-1.14)

-

1.08 (1.02-1.15)

Frail1 - absolute

-

-

1.89 (1.18-3.04)

1.75 (1.08-2.83)

-

-

Pre-frail2 - absolute

-

-

0.92 (0.53-1.60)

0.89 (0.51-1.55)

-

-

Frail1 - relative (females)

-

-

-

-

1.62 (1.05-2.51)

1.58 (1.02-2.44)

Pre-frail2 - relative (females)

-

-

-

-

1.24 (0.77-1.98)

1.21 (0.76-1.95)

Frail1 - relative (males)

-

-

-

-

3.47 (1.85-6.50)

3.21 (1.71-6.00)

Pre-frail2 - relative (males)

-

-

-

-

2.80 (1.51-5.20)

2.61 (1.40-4.85)

Area Under Curve

0.648

0.669 3

0.689

0.700 3

0.689

0.702 3

Hospitalization

      

Female sex

0.93 (0.78-1.11)

1.01 (0.84-1.21)

0.94 (0.79-1.11)

1.01 (0.84-1.20)

1.01 (0.77-1.33)

1.05 (0.80-1.38)

Age (per year)

1.01 (0.99-1.02)

1.01 (1.00-1.02)

1.00 (0.99-1.01)

1.00 (0.99-1.01)

1.00 (0.99-1.01)

1.00 (0.99-1.01)

Co-morbidity (per index unit increase)

-

1.09 (1.05-1.12)

-

1.07 (1.04-1.10)

-

1.07 (1.04-1.10)

Frail1 - absolute

-

-

1.65 (1.30-2.10)

1.54 (1.20-1.96)

-

-

Pre-frail2 - absolute

-

-

1.14 (0.87-1.50)

1.12 (0.86-1.47)

-

-

Frail1 - relative (females)

-

-

-

-

1.59 (1.29-1.95)

1.53 (1.25-1.87)

Pre-frail2 - relative (females)

-

-

-

-

1.17 (0.93-1.47)

1.16 (0.92-1.46)

Frail1 - relative (males)

-

-

-

-

1.22 (0.79-1.88)

1.18 (0.77-1.81)

Pre-frail2 - relative (males)

-

-

-

-

1.80 (1.31-2.47)

1.58 (1.15-2.17)

Area Under Curve

0.520

0.600 4

0.597

0.631 4

0.593

0.633 4

  1. 1Frail defined as having 3+ of the following as defined in Table 1: slow gait, muscle weakness, low activity, weight loss & exhaustion. Reference group consists of those with 0 criteria (non-frail).
  2. 2Pre-frail defined as having 1 or 2 of the above frailty criteria. Reference group consists of those with 0 criteria (non-frail).
  3. Note:
  4. #Deaths/Sample: total = 142/928; Absolute cut-points (Frail = 95/445, Pre-frail = 44/451, Non-frail = 3/32); Relative cut-points (Females: Frail = 27/137, Pre-frail = 55/384, Non-frail = 11/180; Males: Frail = 16/41, Pre-Frail = 26/128, Non-frail = 7/58).
  5. #1+ Hospitalizations/Sample: total = 375/928; Absolute cut-points (Frail = 219/445, Pre-frail = 144/451, Non-frail = 12/32); Relative cut-points (Females: Frail = 75/137, Pre-frail = 148/384, Non-frail = 56/180; Males: Frail = 17/41, Pre-Frail = 60/128, Non-frail = 19/58).
  6. 3 AUC estimate difference with 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value comparing:
  7. (i) Model 2 and Model 4 is 0.031 (95% CI .002 to .060), p-value 0.03.
  8. (ii) Model 2 and Model 6 is 0.033 (95% CI .003 to .063), p-value 0.03.
  9. (iii) Model 4 and Model 6 is 0.002 (95% CI -.024 to .027), p-value 0.90.
  10. 4 AUC estimate difference with 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value comparing:
  11. (i) Model 2 and Model 4 is 0.031 (95% CI .002 to .059), p-value 0.03.
  12. (ii) Model 2 and Model 6 is 0.033 (95% CI .005 to .060), p-value 0.02.
  13. (iii) Model 4 and Model 6 is 0.002 (95% CI -.021 to .025), p-value 0.87.