Table 2 Echocardiographic Characteristics in Well-Functioning Nonagenarians (n = 80)
| Â | Median (IQR) | Normal value * |
|---|---|---|
LV dimensions and systolic function | ||
LV EDD index (mm/m2) | 28 (24 - 31) | ≤33 |
LV ESD index (mm/m2) | 17 (14 - 20) | - |
Interventricular septal wall thickness (mm) | 13 (10 - 14) | ≤10 |
Posterior wall thickness (mm) | 11 (10 - 13) | ≤10 |
LV Ejection fraction (%) | 67 (60 - 77) | ≥50 |
LV Mass index (g/m2) | Â | Â |
   Men | 132 (105 - 160) | ≤149 |
   Women | 116 (96 - 145) | ≤122 |
LV diastolic function | ||
E/A ratio | 0.7 (0.6 - 0.8) | - |
Indexed left atrial volume (ml/m2) | 24 (14 - 33) | ≤40 |
Estimated PAP (mmHg) | 34 (30 - 37) | ≤40 |
Valvular function | Prevalence, n (%) | Â |
Mitral stenosis | 0 (0) | Â |
Mitral regurgitation | 58 (72) | Â |
   Mild | 20 (25) |  |
   Moderate | 24 (30) |  |
   Severe | 14 (17) |  |
Aortic stenosis | 14 (17) | Â |
   Mild (mean ΔP < 25 mmHg) | 9 (11) |  |
   Moderate (mean ΔP 25 - 40 mmHg) | 4 (5) |  |
   Severe (mean ΔP > 40 mmHg) | 1 (1) |  |
Aortic regurgitation | 38 (48) | Â |
   Mild | 15 (19) |  |
   Moderate | 17 (21) |  |
   Severe | 6 (8) |  |
Tricuspid stenosis | 0 (0) | Â |
Tricuspid regurgitation | 25 (31) | Â |
   Mild | 8 (10) |  |
   Moderate | 4 (5) |  |
   Severe | 13 (16) |  |