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Table 1 Sociodemographic, Functional and Clinical Characteristics of Participants with and without Echocardiography at Age 90 Years

From: Diagnostic accuracy of plasma NT-proBNP levels for excluding cardiac abnormalities in the very elderly

 

Echocardiographic examination

 
 

Yes (n= 80)

No (n= 194)

 
 

n (%)

P *

Sociodemographic characteristics

   Male

26 (33)

50 (26)

0.28

   Institutionalized

17 (21)

87 (45)

<0.001

   Education ≤ 6 years primary school

38 (48)

132 (68)

0.002

   Income ≤ 750€

34 (43)

105 (54)

0.09

Functional characteristics

   Cognitive impairment (MMSE ≤ 18)

0 (0)

72 (38)

<0.001

   Poor well-being (CANTRIL < 7)

16 (20)

35 (29)

0.14

   Dependent in daily living (GARS ≥ 56)

4 (5)

64 (34)

<0.001

   Depression (GDS-15 ≥ 5)

11 (14)

37 (31)

0.003

Clinical characteristics

   Cardiovascular morbidity

48 (60)

132 (68)

0.22

Specific cardiac diagnosesa

47 (59)

120 (62)

0.63

Atrial fibrillation on ECG

8 (10.0)

25 (13)

0.49

Diagnosis of heart failure

20 (25)

39 (21)

0.43

Other vascular morbidityb

11 (14)

33 (18)

0.45

Cardiovascular risk factors

   

Hypertension

47 (59)

104 (55)

0.58

Diabetes mellitus type II

10 (13)

35 (21)

0.12

   Non-cardiovascular morbidityc

49 (61)

126 (65)

0.56

BMI > 25 kg/m2

50 (65)

101 (64)

0.88

GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2

43 (54)

100 (52)

0.74

Anemiad

11 (15)

51 (28)

0.014

Cardiovascular medicatione

34 (43)

97 (50)

0.26

NT-proBNP in pg/mL (median, IQR)

389.5 (220.7-779.1)

471.9 (252.8-1655.3)

0.10‡

  1. aIncluding a history of myocardial infarction (clinical or by ECG), angina pectoris, arrhythmias, heart failure and ECG with atrial fibrillation or left ventricular hypertrophy.
  2. bIncluding a history of stroke and peripheral vascular disease.
  3. cIncluding a history of Parkinson's disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arthritis (including arthrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and polymyalgia rheumatica), malignancies or hip fracture.
  4. dHemoglobin < 7.5 mmol/L for women, <8.1 mmol/L for men.
  5. eIncluding any use of diuretics, beta-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers or digoxin
  6. * Independent Student's t-test; ‡, Mann-Whitney U test; IQR, inter quartile range.